Chapter 12
The Crusades
The Crusades
Why did Pope Urban II call the First Crusade?
To deliver the Holy Land from the Seljuk Turks
What were the two architectural styles of the medieval centuries?
Gothic and Romanesque
This plague killed a significant amount of Europeans, spread in 1347
Black Death
Which religious groups in Jesus' time accepted and believed in an afterlife?
The Pharisees
What is the Koran?
The book containing the teachings of Muhammad
Abbot who preached the Second Crusade, originally form France
St. Bernard of Clairvaux
The first mendicant order was found by this saint. It was called the Order of Friars Minor.
St. Francis of Assisi
Which saint urged the pope to return to Rome from Avignon?
St. Catherine of Siena
Under what emperor was Jesus Crucified?
Tiberius
This group taught that using images in worship is idolatry.
Iconoclasts
These soldiers took monastic vows and got their name from the fact they originally operated a hospital in Jerusalem
Hospitalers
The liberal arts Trivium is composed of what 3 arts?
grammar, rhetoric, logic
What was the "Babylonian Captivity" during the middle ages?
A 70 year period the popes spent in Avignon, France instead of Rome
Constantine saw the Chi Rho sign in the sky before this Battle.
The Battle of Milvian Bridge
What is feudalism?
a person "liege" gives protection to people in a region in return land- he is given "control of a region" in return for protection.
Established by Pope Gregory IX in 1231, this group acted as court judges to root out heresy.
Inquisition
Founder of the Mongol empire
Genghis Khan
What was the Great Schism?
40 year period when the church split and ended up with 3 people claiming to be pope.
First ecumenical council called in 325 to condemn the teaching that the Son is not equal to God the Father.
Council of Nicea
Pope Nicholas II established this to remove lay rulers from papal election process.
College of Cardinals
These 3 leaders lead the 3rd Crusade in 1187 after Saladin, the Egyptian sultan, seized Jerusalem. There names are: Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, King Philip Augustus of France, and King ________ the ____-____ of England.
King Richard the Lion-Hearted
This Pope called the Fourth Lateran Council
Pope Innocent the III
The council that ended the Great Schism
The Council of Constance
Name 3 out of 4 Germanic tribes that came in and conquered parts of the Roman empire:
Vandals, Visigoths, Franks, Ostrogoths
Document that expressed the idea that kings are not above laws and customs of their lands.
Magna Carta