Morphometry
Lake Champlain was formed by these two processes.
What are tectonic and glacial?
Light, by definition, is this.
What is energy?
This command is used to read excel files into the R environment.
What is read_xlsx?
This is the source of heat to lakes.
What is solar radiation?
The energy currency of ecosystems.
What is carbon?
Volcanic lakes tend to have low productivity because of these three morphometric characteristics (will accept 2 of 3).
What are watershed position, basin shape, and depth?
The extinction coefficient, or Kd, is the slope of this relationship.
What is irradiance and depth?
This dplyr function creates a new data column calculated from existing columns
What is mutate?
This criteria determines whether a lake is dimictic or not.
What is ice cover?
The shape of clinograde curves are determined by these two types of processes.
What are biological and physical?
To estimate lake bathymetry, you need at minimum these two variables.
What are lake surface area and depth?
A high Kd value indicates light is attenuating at this rate (fast or slow) with depth?
What is fast?
The purpose of the %>% operator in tidy verse is this.
What is to perform a series of operations on a data frame.
Warm water layers take more energy to mix than cold water because of this relationship.
What is the increase in density difference with increasing temperature?
Summer fish kills are usually caused by a combination of these two things.
What are decaying organic matter and low gas solubility (temperature)?
In a hypsographic curve of lake area, the slope of the line approximately corresponds to the shape of this.
What is the shape of the lake basin?
This color of light is most likely to reach the deepest.
What is blue?
In the ggplot package, we have used the 'aes' command to specify this.
What are x and y plot axes?
With climate change, dimictic lakes are expected to shift to this mixing regime.
What is warm monomictic?
The primary source of inorganic carbon in lakes.
What is the bicarbonate buffering cycle?
This index is a measure of how much a lake diverges from a perfect circle.
What is shoreline development?
At the bottom of the euphotic zone, this percent of surface irradiance remains.
What is 1%?
This dplyr function performs an operation on rows of data such as summing, averaging, or otherwise combining.
What is summarise?
Climate change is decreasing productivity in this type of lake.
What are large deep lakes (e.g., Tanganyika)?
The amplitude of daily fluctuations in dissolved gases in lakes in determined by this.
What is productivity?