Amendments
The 13th amendment abolished this practice in the United States.
What is slavery?
These state and local statues enforced and codified racial segregation for approximately one hundred years.
What are Jim Crow laws?
According to the original Constitution, access to voting rights could vary according to this.
What are the states?
Ratified in 1920, the 19th amendment expanded the right to vote to include this group of people.
Who are women?
In the late 18th century, most states limited the right to vote to white men who paid taxes or owned this.
What is property?
Signed into law in August, 1965, this act outlawed discriminatory voting practices and led to over 250,000 new registered Black voters before the end of the year.
What is the Voting Rights Act?
The 14th amendment guaranteed all citizens this.
What is equal protection under the laws?
These assessments capitalized on an unjust system of education to restrict citizens' access to voting by requiring them to prove they could read at a given level (and/or using dramatically different tests for different groups) prior to casting their ballot.
What is a literacy test?
Section 5 of the Civil Rights Voting Act required covered jurisdictions to obtain this before instituting any new voting practices or procedures.
What is preclearance?
The 24th amendment forbid the federal and state governments from using these practices during elections.
What are poll taxes?
What is the grandfather clause?
In 1975, Congress expanded the Voting Rights Act to include provisions to make voting access easier for this group of people.
Who are non-English speakers/language minorities?
Ratified 155 years ago, the 15th amendment gave this group of people the right to vote.
Who are African American men?
These limited access to voting by requiring citizens to pay before they could register to vote.
What are poll taxes?
In their ruling in this case in 2013, the Supreme Court ruled that sections of the Voting Rights Act (which established the formula for determining the jurisdictions required to seek permission before making changes to voting procedures and protocols) were no longer responsive to the current conditions in the districts in question.
What is Shelby County v. Holder?