Phonetics/Phonology
What kind of sounds the follow consonants are: [p], [b], [k], [g], [m], and [n].
What are stops?
Depending on your communities, certain speech variations are viewed positively
because of this factor.
What is prestige?
In English, this is the only marker of the regular present tense.
What is the -s (suffix)?
This theory of syntax, created by Noam Chomsky, is based on computer programs.
What is generative grammar?
A sound in a language that starts as a voiceless stop, becomes a voiced stop, and then becomes a voiced fricative undergoes this process.
What is lenition?
Within linguistics, this field is concerned with the meanings of words and phrases.
What is semantics?
Place of articulation that requires a constriction at the back of the throat, by the uvula.
What is a uvular articulation?
These people influence the way you talk, whether they are family, friends, or other groups you interact with frequently.
What is a speech community?
Look at the following data set:
/heko/
/peko/
/hito/
/bito/
This is an example of ______.
What are minimal pairs?
Originally created to solve idioms, this theory of syntax includes meaning in its definition of grammar.
What is construction grammar?
Arabic and Hausa are members of this major world language macrofamily.
What is Afroasiatic?
When words are a part of a language's lexicon, but do not originate in that language, they are called this.
What are loan words/borrowings?
When two sounds, in the brain of the speaker, represents the same sound, but in actual speech, is realized in two or more alternate forms.
What is an allophone?
Often seen as the drivers of linguistic change, this group tends to create and popularize new forms of language use.
Who are youth/teenagers/any variation of “young people”?
This concept refers to how reproducible and frequent a grammatical process is for a majority of word types, such as verbs.
What is productivity?
This binary-branching theory of trees tries to account for how phrases are organized in all languages.
What is the x-bar skeleton? (or, X-bar)
Languages existing next to each other sometimes share sounds and grammatical features without the need for genetic relation is described with this effect.
What is sprachbund?
Coined by Saussure, this is an idea that combines form and meaning that describes what words are theoretically.
What is a sign?
This is a way to visualize speech in order to do phonetic analysis, and can measure things like pitch and vowel formats.
What is a spectrogram?
In his 1966 study, which helped create the field of sociolinguistics, Labov studied this phonological variation.
What is /r/ stratification / social stratification of /r/ ?
In languages like Spanish, Hindi, and Arabic, this tense exists inflectionally. In English, it can only be formed through auxillary verbs.
What is the future tense?
In English, questions often have a word order that generative grammar cannot create. This mechanism helps explain how (and where) those words are.
What is movement?
Sumerian is known to be related to these languages.
What is none (a trick question!)
This subfield of linguistics looks at the similarities and differences between the structures of languages.
What is typology?
This sound is [+front], [+high], [-round], and [+syllabic].
What is [i]?
Also found in the field of psychology, this issue with sociolinguistics research is most often seen in interviews and questionnaires.
What is the observer’s paradox?
This is to nouns and adjectives what conjugations are to verbs.
What is declension?
This mechanism helps to explain why there are transitive and intransitive verbs.
What are theta roles?
Northern Paiute is a language spoken in Nevada. It is part of this North American macrofamily.
What is Uto-Aztecan?
The name of the vocal tract chart Dr Clayton uses in Phonlogy and Phonetic classes.
Who is Phil?