Semiotics
a type of sign with and existential or physical effect-cause or effect–reason relationship between form and meaning
what is and index (acc. to Charles S. Peirce)?
the most fundamental contribution to a word’s meaning; this cannot be broken down further
what is the root?
[f], [v], [θ], [ð], [s], [z], [ʃ], [ʒ], [h] are examples of this type of obstruent
what is a fricative?
the phoneme inventory of a language can largely be determined by means of this
what is the minimal pair test?
the nucleus of a syllable is made up of this type of sound
what is a vowel?
most words are examples of this type of sign
what are symbols?
simplex words, consisting of one morpheme only
what are monomorphemic words?
[p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [ɡ], and [ʔ] are examples of this type of obstruent
what is a plosive?
language-specific rules by which sound segments are put together to form syllables
what are phonotactics?
the pitch and intensity are high in the production of this type of syllable
what is a stressed syllable?
it introduces the referent, the entity referred to in the world
what is the main difference between Ferdinand de Saussure's dyadic and Ogden&Richard's triadic model of the linguistic sign?
the parts of a word to which morphological operations apply
what are bases?
the omission of the palatal approximant sound in General American
all syllables contain at least this structure
what is the nucleus?
no consonants in coda position occur in this
the relation between these is reciprocal, arbitrary and conventional
what is the relation between signifier and signified in the Saussurean model of the linguistic sign?
a type of conditioning where choice of the allomorph is determined by the sound structure of the base
what is phonological conditioning?
[eə], [ɪə], [ʊə], but not [əʊ], are examples of this
what are centring diphtongs?
they cannot be used in a minimal pair test because they are realising the same phoneme therefore cannot evoke a change in meaning
why can allophones not be used in a minimal pair test?
up to three consonants can make up this part of a syllable
what is the onset?
the first is concept in the mind of the speaker, the meaning, the latter is the entity referred to in the world
what is the difference between the thought or concept (signified in the Saussurean model) and the referent in the semiotic triangle?
a type of conditioning where the choice of allomorph depends on the individual lexeme and forms must be learned separately
what is lexical conditioning?
the main difference in how the vowels [uː] and [ɑː] are produced
what is tongue height? (high vs. low)
nasals or liquids preceded by an elided [ə] within a syllable
what are syllabic consonants?
it consists of the coda and the nucleus of a syllable
what is the rhyme?