Phonetics & Phonology
Name four body parts that help with phonetics
Nasal cavity, palate, oral cavity, lips, tongue, jaw, larynx, oral cavity, teeth, pharynx, epiglottis.
What is the difference between free and bound morphemes?
Free morphemes can stand alone in a sentence, bound morphemes cannot.
What are the two most basic building blocks of a sentence?
Noun and verb phrases.
What marks a person who is truly fluent in a language?
Someone who understands all components of lexicon (especially irregularity).
Which came first: the color orange or the fruit orange?
The fruit! Old English just named it "yellow-red," but the distinctive color orange just appeared after colonialism brought orange the fruit to the Old World, and the color got named after it.
What is the difference between voiced and voiceless letters?
3
What word order typology is English?
SVO (Subject, verb, object)
Name 4 out of the 6 components of lexicon.
Meaning, pronunciation, spelling, part of speech, grammatical info, irregular forms
True or false: The word “set” has more meanings than any other English word.
True! 430 meanings according the the Oxford English Dictionary
What kind of manner of articulation is "rolling your Rs called?"
What's the difference between formational and inflectional morphology?
Formational morphology is when a new word is formed using previous words while inflectional morphology is when free morphemes are created to change a word.
What's the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs?
Transitive verbs require an object while intransitive verbs don't
Name 2 irregular adjectives
Variable (good, better, best | bad, worse, worst)
What consonant sound do babies tend do develop first?
The "p" sound (papa).
Name four out of the five manners of articulation
Stops & flaps, fricatives, nasals, glides, vowels
What does dual, trial, and paucal mean for nouns?
Dual: two entities
Trial: three entities
Paucal: a few entities
Name a language that uses SOV (subject, object, verb) word order typology
Variable (Japanese, Latin, and Urdu)
Name 2 irregular nouns and 1 irregular verb
Variable
How many people worldwide speak Arabic? (Must be within 15 million of the correct answer)
About 400 million
Phonetics focuses on the physical creation and perception of speech sounds regardless of language.
Phonology studies the language-specific system of how sounds are combined, and used to create meaning.
What is declension?
A category that separates nouns by information like gender/number/animacy (accept "conjugation for nouns")
What percent of languages use subject–object–verb for syntax?
45%
Why might an irregular verb change to a regular verb over time?
Which language is considered to have the most words?
English is largely considered the language with the most words