Phonology
What is the term for the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish one word from another?
Phoneme.
What is the term for a morpheme that cannot stand alone as a word and must be attached to a base (such as prefixes and suffixes)?
Bound morpheme.
What is the term for words that are spelled and pronounced the same but have different, unrelated meanings (e.g., "bank" as a river edge vs. "bank" as a financial institution)?
Homonyms (or Homonymy).
Look at the image of the human vocal tract. What is the name of the place of articulation indicated by the arrow pointing to the roof of the mouth right behind the front teeth?
The alveolar ridge.
In the word "unhappiness", identify the root word and state whether it is free or bound.
The root is "happy", and it is a free morpheme.
What is the semantic relationship between the words "furniture" and "chair", where "furniture" is the general category and "chair" is a specific instance?
Hyponymy ("furniture" is the hypernym and "chair" is the hyponym).
According to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) chart shown, what sound is represented by the symbol /ʃ/?
The voiceless palato-alveolar fricative sound (like the "sh" in "shoe").
Look at the morphological tree diagram for the word "disagreement". Which affix is attached to the root first to form the intermediate stem?
The prefix "dis-" (attached to "agree" to make the verb "disagree", before adding "-ment").
Semantics deals with literal meaning, but what is the name of the subfield of linguistics illustrated in this comic, which studies language meaning in context and how people understand implied messages?
Pragmatics.