Nature of Language
True or False:
Linguists divide language into different levels for description or analysis.
True
Is Error Analysis an internal or external focus?
Internal
List 2 approaches that have an external focus.
Systemic linguistics, functional typology, function-to-form mapping, and information organization.
Innate capacity
What is the term that is defined as vocabulary, word meaning, and pronunciation?
Lexicon
This approach is an approach to the study of SLA which involves predicting and explaining learner problems based on a comparison of L1 and L2.
Contrastive Analysis
What approach states that language structures cannot be idealized and studied without taking into account the circumstances of their use?
Systemic linguistics
This refers to the immediate state of a learner's language as it moves toward the target L2.
Interlanguage
L1- no conscious effort
L2- comparable knowledge is rarely achieved even with a lot of time and effort
List the 4 characteristics that interlanguage has.
- systematic
- dynamic
- variable
- reduced system
What functional approach resembles contrastive analysis because they both are comparing elements of different languages?
Functional typology
What does fossilization refer to?
The cessation of interlanguage development before reaching target language norms.
What does the term syntax mean?
grammar, word order, ways to form questions, to negate assertions, and to focus on structure information.
Give a brief description of Universal Grammar.
*Hint: include if it is internal or external, and the two major concepts*
Internal
1. linguistic competence and linguistic performance need to be accounted for in language acquisition
2. Knowledge of language goes beyond what could be learned from the input people receive
Function-to-form mapping approach involves the process of ____________ which is a process of language change by words representing objects and action.
Grammaticalization
What is inflection and how do we use this in English?
Inflection adds one or more units of meaning to the base form of a word to give a more specific meaning. This is how we code for plural nouns, past tense, and progressive aspects in English.
What are the characteristics that linguists agree that all naturally occurring languages have?
Languages are systematic, symbolic, and social.
Give 3 of the 5 hypotheses that form the Monitor Model
- Aquisition-learning hypothesis
- Monitor hypothesis
- Natural order hypothesis
- Input hypothesis
- Affective Filter Hypothesis
What are the developmental levels of learners in the information organization approach?
- Nominal Utterance Organization (NUO)
- Infinite Utterance Organization (IUO)
- Finite Utterance Organization (FUO)
How do pragmatic function and subject function differ.
Subject function refers to the role which elements of language structure play as a subject or object. Whereas pragmatic function refers to what the use of language can accomplish.