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chemistry of life
protein
lipids
biological membranes
fluid mosaic model
100

the sharing of unpaired valence electrons where the electrons are shared equally

what is a nonpolar covalent bond

100

amino acids join/polymerize together by peptide bonds (linear sequence)

what is primary structure

100
simple lipid made of a hydrocarbon chain bonded to a carboxyl functional group that is polar

what is a fatty acid

100
the overall function of a cell/plasma membrane
what is separates a cell's interior from the environment
100

transmembrane domains inserted through the membrane that contain hydrophobic amino acids

What are integral membrane proteins

200

the sharing of unpaired valence electrons where one atom is more electronegative than the other atom

what is a polar covalent bond

200

polypeptide chain has directionality referred to in the direction it is synthesized in

what is N -> C

200
Fats and phospholipids both contain _______ _______ linked to a _______ _______. (structural components)

What is... fatty acid linked to a glycerol backbone

200

_________ are organized as bilayers in membranes

what are phospholipids

200

Location of peripheral membrane proteins

what is the surface (exterior/interior) of the membrane

300

complete transfer of electrons (full charge)

what is an ionic bond

300

protein structure characterized regions of a polypeptide chain that fold into intrastrand hydrogen bonds

What is secondary structure alpha-helix

300

a family of lipids with a bulky, 4-ring structure that is amphipathic in nature

what is a steroid

300

How are phospholipid bilayers organized?

What are hydrophilic heads on the outside and hydrophobic tails on the inside
300
Describe the proportion of proteins to phospholipids in plasma membranes

What is equal proportions

400

substances with partial charges or full charges are ___________. They are "water ________".

what is hydrophilic, "water loving"

400
List the four main components of an amino acid basic structure
What are:

1. H (hydrogen atom)

2. NH2 (an amino functional group)

3. COOH (a carboxyl functional group)

4. R group (side chain)

400

phospholipids consist of

what is a glycerol molecule linked to 2 hydrocarbon chains (fatty acids) and a phosphate group
400

Characteristic of membranes that make them semi-permeable

What is semifluid (fluidity) = phospholipids are in constant lateral motion in bilayers

400

For a protein to be an integral membrane protein, it would have to be... (hint: think hydrophobic/hydrophilic/amphipathic)

What is amphipathic with at least one hydrophobic region

500

a substance that acquires protons during chemical reactions and lowers hydronium ion concentration

what is a base
500

weak electrical interactions that increase stability (also help hold phospholipid membranes together)

What are Van der Waals interactions

500

phospholipids are amphipathic consisting of what two regions

what is a hydrophilic "head region" and a hydrophobic "tail region"

500
Steroid component of plasma membranes

What is cholesterol

500

Lipid bilayers are _______ _______... (controls the rate of transport)

What is selectively permeable