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STATINS
OTHER THERAPIES 1
OTHER THERAPIES 2
PCSK-9 INHIBITORS
GRAB BAG
100
This is the MOA of statins
What is inhibit HMG-CoA reductase which is the rate-limiting step in intracellular cholesterol biosynthesis
100
This is the MOA of ezetimibe
What is inhibits absorption of cholesterol at the brush border of the small intestine via the sterol transporter which leads to a decreased delivery of cholesterol to the liver, reduction of hepatic cholesterol stores and an increased clearance of cholesterol from the blood
100
These are the three BAS agents
What is colestipol, cholestyramine, colesevelam
100
These are the two PCSK-9 inhibitors
What is alirocumab (Praluent), evolocumab (Repatha)
100
These are the core principles of TLC
What is reduce intake of total and saturated fats (<7%), reduce cholesterol (<200 mg/day), increase intake of fiber (20-30 gm) with about 6 grams or 25% from soluble fiber sources (e.g. beans, lentils, nuts, veggies, fruits), weight loss, and increase physical activity (30 min of mod-intensity daily most days of the week)
200
This is the rare but serious adverse effect that may be produced by statin therapy
What is rhabdomyolysis
200
These are adverse effects of niacin
What is atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmia, edema, flushing, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia; chills, dizziness; GI; increase BG, increase UA
200
This is the MOA of the BAS
What is forms a non-absorbable complex with bile acids in the intestine, releasing chloride ions in the process; inhibits enterohepatic reuptake of intestinal bile salts and thereby increases the fecal loss of bile salt-bound LDL-C
200
This is the MOA of the PCSK-9 inhibitors
What is human monoclonal antibody (IgG2 isotype) that binds to PCSK9. PCSK9 binds to the LDLR on hepatocyte surfaces to promote LDLR degradation within the liver. LDLR is the primary receptor that clears circulating LDL; therefore, the decrease in LDLR levels by PCSK9 results in higher blood levels of LDL-C
200
This OTC product contains small quantities of lovastatin
What is red yeast rice
300
The expected LDL-lowering effects for low, moderate, and high-intensity statin therapy
What is low: < 30%; moderate: 30 to < 50%; high: ≥ 50%
300
Niacin can exacerbate these two disease states by affecting these two lab values
What is diabetes and gout through elevations in blood glucose and uric acid levels
300
This is another disease state that colesevelam may be used for
What is diabetes
300
These are the indications for each PCSK-9 inhibitor
What is primary hyperlipidemia and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (evo) and primary hyperlipidemia (ali)
300
There have been recent reports regarding the association of statin use and the onset of this common disease state
What is diabetes
400
The ASCVD risk assessment tool assesses what?
What is 10-year risk of ASCVD events in people 40-79 years of age
400
Gemfibrozil has significant DDIs with these three statins
What is simvastatin, lovastatin, and atorvastatin
400
These are the effects of gemfibrozil on the lipid panel
What is increase VLDL clearance and decrease VLDL synthesis, decrease TG and cholesterol and LDL, increase HDL
400
These are the effects of the PCSK-9 inhibitors on the lipid panel
What is increases LDL receptors available to clear LDL thereby lowering LDL levels
400
This statin is not metabolized by one of the big isoenzymes (e.g. 3A4, 2C9)
What is pravastatin
500
These four groups are indicated for statin therapy
What is (i) Clinical ascvd, (ii) diabetes age 40-75 years, LDL 70-189, w/o clinical ascvd (iii) LDL ≥ 190, (iv) age 40-75 years, no diabetes, LDL 70-189 mg/dL with 10-year ascvd risk 7.5% or higher
500
These are the effects of ezetimibe on the lipid panel
What is decreases total C, LDL-C, ApoB, and TG; increases HDL-C
500
This total daily dose of Lovaza is generally recommended
What is 4 grams
500
These are some common adverse effects of the PCSK-9 inhibitors
What is nasopharyngitis, flu-like symptoms, injection site reactions
500
How do you spell my last name?
What is Ostling