Forces of Attraction
This term describes the forces that hold together identical molecules, such as the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.
cohesive forces
This type of solid is one whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, geometric structure
crystalline solid
According to the kinetic-molecular theory, the particles in a liquid are in this type of constant motion.
constant random motion
This type of solid is one in which the particles are not arranged in a regular, repeating pattern, such as glass or rubber.
amorphous solid
As temperature increases, the viscosity of a liquid does this because the added energy allows molecules to overcome intermolecular forces
decrease
These are the forces of attraction between molecules that are different, such as water being attracted to the glass walls of a graduated cylinder
adhesive forces
These crystalline solids, such as table salt, have high melting points and are held together by the attraction of oppositely charged particles
ionic solids
Unlike gases, liquids are much denser because these forces hold the particles close together
intermolecular forces
These solids are held together by dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, or hydrogen bonds and are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity
molecular solids
Compounds that can lower the surface tension of water by breaking hydrogen bonds are known as these
Surfactants
This is a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow, which is determined by the type of intermolecular forces, the size and shape of particles, and temperature.
viscosity
These solids consist of positive metal ions surrounded by a "sea" of mobile electrons, making them excellent conductors of electricity.
metallic solids
This term describes the ability of liquids and gases to flow and diffuse because their particles can move past each other.
fluidity
Because molecular solids are held together by relatively weak intermolecular forces, they typically have this kind of melting point
low melting point
This property of liquids is why they can take the shape of their container but maintain a fixed volume.
lack of expansion to fill a container
In a liquid, this is the energy required to increase the surface area by a certain amount; it causes water to form droplets.
surface tension
Carbon in the form of a diamond is an example of this type of solid, where atoms are connected by a web of covalent bonds
covalent network solids
Solids are not classified as fluids because their particles remain in fixed positions and only do this.
vibrate
These types of molecules are often the building blocks of molecular solids like sugar or dry ice.
covalent molecules
The density of a liquid is significantly higher than a gas because there is a large decrease in this between particles
amount of empty space
This phenomenon occurs when a liquid like water is drawn upward into a narrow glass tube because the adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces.
capillary action
This is the smallest arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice that has the same symmetry as the whole crystal.
Unit cell
Generally, the solid phase of a substance is denser than the liquid phase; however, this common substance is a notable exception.
water
This specific type of amorphous solid forms when a molten material cools too quickly to allow crystals to grow.
glass
Large molecules with long chains tend to have higher viscosity because they do this as they move past each other.
become tangled