The relationship between the letters, or graphemes, and the individual sounds, or phonemes of spoken language.
What is phonics instruction?
100
Fluency is important because it provides a bridge between word recognition and this.
What is comprehension?
100
Vocabulary refers to the __________ that students must know to communicate effectively.
What are words?
100
For comprehension, readers must read words, and they must __________________ what they are reading.
What is understand?
200
The is the broader category under which Phonemic Awareness falls.
What is Phonological Awareness?
200
Fricatives, liquids, and glides -- or all of the letters except A, E, I, O, and U, are called these.
What are consonants?
200
Fluent readers read text accurately, quickly and this.
What is with expression - or - with intonation?
200
Vocabulary is essential to this part of reading.
What is comprehension?
200
Text comprehension can be improved by instruction that helps readers use specific comprehension ____________.
What are strategies?
300
The smallest parts of written language.
What are graphemes?
300
Two or three consonant letters that appear together to form a sound, though each consonant retains some element of its own sound.
What is a consonant blend?
300
This is one of the best ways to teach fluency.
What is modeling by reading aloud.
300
It cannot be overlooked that students must learn to use these in order to help broaden and deepen their knowledge of words.
What are dictionaries, glossaries, and thesauruses?
300
These help to illustrate, or visualize, concepts and interrelationships among concepts in a text. There are known by a variety of names.
What are graphic organizers?
Also: semantic organizers, maps, webs, charts, clusters
400
This is what children are doing when they combine individual phonemes to form words.
What is blending, or blending the phonemes?
400
Two consonants that, together, form a single sound that is different from the sound that either one makes separately.
What are consonant digraphs?
400
One of the best ways in which fluency will develop in a child.
What are having opportunities to practice reading aloud?
400
This is a type of vocabulary learning in which the student is taught to read the words around an unknown word, or to look at the pictures, in order to figure out the word.
What are context clues?
400
Good readers are taught to draw on this in order to help them relate to and understand what they are reading.
What is prior knowledge? (schema theory)
500
When children are taught to manipulate phonemes by using the letters of the alphabet.
What is effective Phonemic Awareness .nstruction.
500
Two vowel sounds that together form one sound that is different from the sound that either of them would make together.
What are dipthongs?
500
By isolating this one element of fluency, many teachers are finding that students will have comprehension difficulties.
What is speed?
500
Researchers often refer to these four types of vocabulary that all students have.
What are: Listening Vocabulary, Speaking Vocabulary, Reading Vocabulary, and Writing Vocabulary.
500
Good readers are taught these to think about and to have control over their reading. These strategies are also known as "thinking about thinking."
What are metacognitive strategies -or- metacognition?