Literacy Difficulties
Two ways to identify students with reading disabilities and define
What is discrepancy and RtI?
Discrepancy-students are said to have a learning disability if there was a significant difference between their measured ability and their achievement
RtI-a three-tiered approach to provide struggling students with increasingly intensive additional instruction. If a student fails to make adequate progress, a SPED placement may be considered.
Students are compared with a norm group which is a sample of others in the same grade or of the same age
What are norm-referenced tests?
Builds a child's background of experience, vocabulary, syntax and comprehension
What is reading aloud?
Decoding Theory: Interacting cues or types of processors at work in reading
What is orthographic, meaning, context, and phonological
Types of graphic organizers
What is semantic mapping, pictorial maps, semantic feature analysis, Venn diagrams?
The two views of reading and summary of each
What is the Simple View of Reading and Scarborough's Reading Rope?
Simple View of Reading-Decoding (D) x Language Comprehension (LC) = Reading Comprehension (RC)
Scarborough's Reading Rope-Language Comprehension and Word Recognition becomes increasingly strategic and automatic resulting in Skilled Reading.
Compares students' performance with a criterion or standard
What are criterion-referenced tests?
Identified as the single best predictor or word reading ability for first graders
How words are read (ex. decoding,)
What is decoding, analogy, pronounceable word parts, prediction, memory/immediate recognition?
Possible sentences, Predict-o-grams, Simulation, Word Sorts, Self-Collection, Wide Reading, using periodicals, reading aloud
What are ways to build vocabulary?
The Sources of Reading Failure (4)
What is:
1. Neurobiological (LD/Dyslexia)
2. Environmental (Exposure)
3. Socio Economic (Experience)
4. Instructional (Teaching)
Assesses a number of areas or assesses key areas in greater depth
What are diagnostic tests?
Rhyme, Blending, Segmenting, Elkonin Technique, Say-It and Move-It, Beginning Sounds, Sorting Beginning Sounds
What are techniques for building phonological skills?
True or False: Phonics instruction should be given for lengthy periods of time with no application of skill.
What is False?
Vocabulary is taught as needed
What is the incidental approach?
What is it refers to the idea that good readers read more, causing them to become even better readers. Conversely, poor readers shy away from reading, which has a negative impact on their growth in reading ability. This causes the gap between good readers and poor readers to widen?
Indicates a student's reading level and approximate level of language development-word analysis and comprehension strategies
What is an Informal Reading Inventory?
How children learn the letters of the alphabet
What is by contrasting distinctive features rather an by memorizing shapes?
True or False: Using decodable texts are the best way for students to apply their reading skills.
What is False?
Vocabulary is taught as needed, but time is also set aside for regular study.
What is a systematic approach?
Interacting Factors in Reading and Writing Difficulties
What is cognitive, language, affective, physical, social, cultural, economic, educational factors?
A quick and easy assessment of a student's oral reading behavior (mostly used for young readers who are still reading aloud and working on basic skills)
What is a running record?
Gives insight into a child's processing of letter-sound relationships and path to understanding the alphabetic system
What is examining student's writing through invented spelling?
Ways to Teach High-Frequency Words
What is orthographic mapping, shared reading, singing, language experience stories, and....?
Conversational language acquisition takes 1-2 years and academic language takes 6 or more years.
What is the time it takes for English Language Learners to acquire language?