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A comprehension teaching strategy designed to activate students’ prior knowledge about a topic before reading, establish a purpose to guide thoughts during reading, and provide a basis for discussion after reading. It involves the teacher creating opinionated or controversial statements relating to the text and capitalizing on controversy to motivate student involvement in the text.
What is Anticipation Guide
100
A generic term describing a visual model or chart that organizes ideas or concepts. Graphic organizers help students understand how ideas are interrelated. The organizer may be in the form of a graph, chart, time line, web, flow chart, etc.
What is Graphic Organizer
100
1. The reconstruction of the intended meaning of a communication; accurately understanding what is written or said. 2. A process in which the reader constructs meaning [in] interacting with text...through a combination of prior knowledge and previous experience; information available in text; the stance [taken] in relationship to the text; and immediate, remembered or anticipated social interactions and communications.
What is Comprehension
100
With this strategy, the teacher makes a poster to put up in the room for students to refer to when they come across an unknown word. The steps on the poster help a student independently go through four steps to figure out the word. First, the student tries to figure out the word’s meaning from external context clues. Then the student looks at the word’s structure for clues. Next, the student says the word aloud in different ways to see if it sounds familiar. Finally, if nothing else has worked, the student goes to an outside reference for help.
What is CSSR (Context, Structure, Sound, Reference)
100
A strategy developed by Donna Ogle that is especially useful for identifying purposes for reading expository test. Note: The term derives from “What I know, What I want to learn, and What I have learned.”
What is KWL
200
Writing that provides an explanation of facts and concepts. Its main purpose is to inform, persuade, or explain.
What is Expository Text
200
A word opposite in meaning to another word
What is Antonym
200
1. A word with a different origin and meaning but the same oral or written form as one or more other words, as bear (an animal) vs. bear (to support) vs. bare (exposed), or row (a line) vs. row (to propel a boat). 2. In popular usage, a word with the same punctuation and spelling as another word but different in meaning, as bay (a body of water) vs. bay (a part of a window).
What is Homonym
200
Strategies that guide the student in the process of constructing knowledge that approximates an author or speaker's intended meanings.
What is Comprehension Strategy
200
1. The sounds, words, or phrases adjacent to a spoken or written language until; linguistic environment. 2. The social or cultural situation in which a spoken or written message occurs.
What is Context
300
Reading instruction in which the teacher provides the structure and purpose for reading and the responding to the material read. Note: Most basal reading programs have guided reading lessons.
What is Guided Reading
300
1. The clear, easy, written or spoken expression of ideas. 2. Freedom from word-identification problems that might hinder comprehension in silent reading or the expression of ideas in oral reading; automaticity. 3. The ability to produce words or larger language units in a limited time interval. 4. The ability to execute motor movements smoothly, easily, and readily.
What is Fluency
300
n. a learning technique involving open group discussion intended to expand the range of available ideas, as to solve a problem, clarify a concept, etc.
What is Brainstorming
300
Language enriched by word images and figures of speech.
What is Figurative Language
300
The emotional associations suggested by the primary meaning of a lexical unit, which affects its interpretations; affective meaning; emotive meaning.
What is Connotative Meaning
400
A visual graphic of the interrelation of ideas discussed in a group (Alvermann, 1991). For example, a statement written in the center could serve as the central theme of the discussion and ideas generated by the participants could be recorded around it in a web. A classroom climate that promotes respect is essential (Finders, 1997).
What is Discussion Web
400
Graphic organizers that help students to visualize relationships between concepts and sub-concepts. Timelines, word maps, semantic organizers are all examples of concept maps.
What is Concept Maps
400
The relationship between a linguistic event and its referent, as book denotes the object "book”; referential meaning
What is Denotative Meaning
400
A comprehension teaching strategy, mostly used during the reading process, in which the chief elements are predication and verification.
What is DR/TA Directed Reading /Thinking Activity
400
Vocabulary instruction on specific words that develops a deep level of understanding (established level) in students.
What is In-depth Vocabulary Instruction
500
A strategy where students judge their own knowledge of words according to three categories; unknown, acquainted, and established (Beck, McKeown, & Omanson, 1987). This activity guides the teacher to select the most important terms on which to focus vocabulary instruction. It also guides students into metacognitive reflection and attention to learning.
What is Knowledge Rating
500
The study of the history and development of the structures and meanings of words; derivation.
What is Etymology
500
A strategy to establish a clear purpose for reading to involve students in active comprehension through group interactions. Learners make predictions before the text is read and then stop at preplanned points in the text to discuss predictions and evidence gathered during reading that proves or disproves the predictions. Children can be trained in comprehension through this method as they listen to a story before they can read independently.
What is DL/TA Directed Listening/Thinking Activity
500
The acceptable usage of the structural aspects of speech and writing. Includes patterns of words in sentences, correct use of modifiers, compliance with predictable (and accepted) rules of language.
What is Grammar
500
1) A step-by-step process for presenting a reading lesson; developmental reading lesson, especially in the content fields. 2) A reading lesson plan involving: a. preparation and motivation for reading, b. silent reading, c. vocabulary and skills development, d. silent or oral rereading, e. follow-up or culminating activities. Note: The directed reading activity can take various forms, but the underlying concept remains the same. In the pre-reading stage, students set their own purposes for reading by making predictions; during reading they verify their predictions; and in the post reading discussion stage they check their verifications.
What is DRA Direct Reading Activity