P's
attributing human emotion and action to nature, a type of personification
pathetic fallacy
a play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings
pun
interchanging the first letters of some words in order to create new words
spoonerism
told from the narrator’s perspective using I-me-my-mine in his or her speech
1st person
the use of excessive language and surplus words to convey a meaning that could otherwise be conveyed with fewer words
periphrasis
a technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule
satire
the use of an object, person, situation, or word to represent, stand for, or suggest an idea, image, belief, or action
symbolism
characters are referred to as "he" and "she,” the narrator is not a character in the story
3rd person limited
using conjunctions or connecting words frequently in a sentence, placed very close to one another
polysyndeton
a comparison between unlike things using the words like or as
simile
when the representative thing is actually a part of the larger thing it is representing; uses a part of something to refer to the whole or uses an entire thing to represent a part of it
synecdoche
the narrator knows everything; all thoughts, feelings, and actions of the characters in the story
3rd person omniscient
two or more words are joined together to coin a new word
portmanteau
when an event contradicts the expectations of the characters or the reader
situational irony
the way in which words and sentences are placed
together in writing to convey a certain meaning
syntax
a separate introductory section of a literary or musical work
prologue
when a character speaks to himself or herself, relating thoughts and feelings, sharing thoughts with the audience
soliloquy
Occurs when a speaker or narrator says one thing while meaning the opposite
verbal irony