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Healthcare Disparities Defined
Cultural Competence Defined
Cultural Competence As A Concept to Decrease Healthcare Disparities
Evidence of Cultural Competence Affecting Healthcare Disparities
Examples of Bias and Racism
100
“are systematic differences in health or health risks between an advantaged and a disadvantaged social group” (2015, p.500).
What is health disparities according to Eberly et al.
100
A process and set of skills that permits healthcare professionals to care for patients from different cultures, races, and ethnicities.
What is cultural competence according to Long (2016)
100
Some support travel to foreign countries or immersion programs to increase or advance individual cultural competence in an effort to affect the healthcare professional in delivering culturally competent care (Long, 2016). Others propose the development of cultural competency programs or re-design of curriculums in undergraduate and graduate education (Garneau & Pepin, 2015; Steed, 2014; Bull & Miller, 2008; Beach et al., 2005; Pilcher et al., 2008; Selig et al., 2006).
What is prospective strategies to use cultural competence as a method to decrease healthcare disparities.
100
Interviews resulted in acknowledgment of a link between cultural competence and decreasing disparities. However, cultural competence was not seen as a single strategy to reduce or eliminate disparities (Betancourt et al., 2005).
What is Betancourt et al. (2005)
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This speaks to the medical research that indicated racial and ethnic minority patients are predisposed to receiving lower quality healthcare compared to non-minorities, which prompted a Congressional investigation. This report is considered foundational in prompting action regarding healthcare disparities.
What is The Institute of Medicine Report (2002)
200
“differences in health status among diverse groups of people and include the disproportionate burden of disease, disability, and/or death” (2008, p. 157).
What is health disparities according to Bull and Miller
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“a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or amongst professionals and enables that system, agency, or those professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations” (2008, p. 1020).
What is cultural competence according to Pilcher et al.
200
Betancourt et al. (2005) reported that experts from academe, government, and managed care believe that there is insufficient research on cultural competence interventions related to outcomes. Further, Geron (2002) acknowledges a need for research to measure the behaviors and attitudes of healthcare workers that directly affect the perceptions of people receiving care in terms of cultural competence.
What is evidence to support that measuring the effectiveness of the education of healthcare professionals in regards to cultural competence eliminates racial and ethnic healthcare disparities?
200
The review clearly substantiated the evidence that teaching cultural competence does not eliminate health disparities
What is Zestcott, Blair, and Stone (2016)
200
White American allied health students attitudes towards Black Americans were negative. This finding contributes to the evidence that bias exists within healthcare providers.
What is Steed (2014)
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"differences in the quality of care received by minorities and non-minorities who have equal access to care – that is, when these groups have similar health insurance and the same access to a doctor – and when there are no differences between these groups in their preferences and needs for treatment" (2002, p. 2).
What is the definition of healthcare disparities according to The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Report
300
“a complex know-act grounded in critical reflection and action” (p. 1063), which the healthcare professional uses in delivering safe, congruent, and effective care together with patients, their families and their communities also considering social and political aspects of care.
What is Cultural competence according to Garneau & Pepin, 2015
300
Provided evidence that implicit association tests are quantifiable bias indicators in healthcare professionals and that this compliments self-perceived cultural competence, but there was no link to patient outcomes or the elimination of healthcare disparities.
What is White-Means et al. (2009)
300
Although these interventions appeared to be useful, there simply was no connection to decreasing or eliminating healthcare disparities.
What is Beach et al. (2005)
300
The authors found that healthcare providers reflect society at large in that they are biased, possess negative attitudes about minorities, and have the propensity to stereotype minority groups
What is Zestcott, Blair, & Stone, 2016