Layers
The thin, outermost layer of the Earth where we live, made up of solid rock
Crust
Molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface that can form lava when it erupts.
Magma
When a volcano erupts, this super-heated molten rock is expelled from its vents
Lava
The place where tectonic plates meet.
Boundry
The liquid layer of the Earth's core, made mostly of iron and nickel.
Outer Core
An opening in the Earth's crust through which molten rock, ash, and gases can escape
Volcano
When a volcano erupts, the build up of this in the atmosphere can block sunlight from hitting the earth, leading to plant and animal death.
ash (pyroclast)
When tectonic plates move towards each other, they can form what types of land masses
Mountain Ranges and/or Volcanos
The thick layer of molten rock between the crust and the outer core, where convection occurs.
Mantle
Large sections of the Earth's lithosphere, that move and interact with each other.
Tectonic Plates
When volcanic ash mixes with fresh water, it becomes undrinkable because it is too what?
acidic
When tectonic plates move away from each other, magma can flow out and form what type of land mass?
Volcanic Ridges
The solid, innermost layer of the Earth, made of iron and nickel, under extreme pressure.
Inner Core
The process where one tectonic plate moves under another plate and sinks into the mantle
subduction
After the eruption of the Honga Tonga Hunga Hupai volcano off the coast of Tonga, nearby islands were decimated by these natural disasters.
Tsunamis
Oceanic plates form magma when they melt in the mantle because they absorb what over millions of years?
water
The rigid outer layer of the Earth, made up of the crust and the upper part of the mantle
Lithosphere
The movement of fluid (like magma) caused by differences in temperature and density (hot rises and cold falls)
Convection Currents
VEI 6+ eruptions have an extreme effect on global what? (hint: a large enough eruption could trigger another Ice Age on our planet)
temperature/climate
Volcanic islands like Hawaii are formed by these areas of the mantle that heat up and create magma that floats up to the crust.
Mantle plumes/Hot Spots