Pathogens
Most pathogens are ______________ (bacterium, virus, or fungus) and do NOT cause disease.
Microorganisms
______ is a state of an individual living in complete harmony with its environment.
Health
_________ refers to a lack of genetic susceptibility
to a pathogen meaning the animal does not get sick when exposed to the microbe in question because of an inheritable trait.
Resistance
An insect-borne, viral disease. The virus is transmitted by biting midges (no-see-ums) it is not contagious from animal to animal. Infections range from mild to severe, depending on the species affected
Bluetongue
____________ presence of bacteria in what is normally sterile bodily tissue.
Infection:
A pathogen most commonly gains entrance into an animal via the ___________ ______________
mucus membranes
____________ is a condition in the individual animal
overtly shows bodily changes that are outside
the normal range for that species.
Disease
An ____________ is a serum blood protein that is produced by the body to fight the pathogen.
Antibody
For sheep and goats, this affects them by having sores on their lips, muzzle and in the mouth. At times, they might get sore or scabs on their lower legs and the teats, especially when they are nursing.
Orf Virus
What is a well known example of a fungi found in livestock
ringworm
Bacteria are ___________ meaning they lack a nuclei, mitochondria, or other cellular organelles.
prokaryotes
Symptoms are not disease; they are just an indication that a disease is potentially occurring. List three common symptoms that might occur in livestock in which would tell you something is not right
Sneezing
Lethargic
Stuffy/runny nose
red/watery eyes
fever
diarrhea
__________ is the ability of white blood
cells to fight a pathogen and is created
by actually having the disease. The immune system
“remembers” the pathogen and how to destroy it.
Immunity
Anthrax is an extremely infectious disease caused by bacteria. It is naturally occurring in the soil and affects both domesticated and wild animals. It is also capable of affecting humans who come in close contact with an infected animal. It is serous in both humans and animals. It is not contagious, meaning humans cannot get it from another human.
Anthrax
Infected animals can spread the virus by biting another animal or a person.
______________ have organelles like a nuclei or mitochondria
Eukaryotes
injuries, poisons/chemicals, poor nutrition, birth defects, genetic disorders are all examples of __________ diseases
Noninfectious Diseases
Explain artificial or acquired immunity
Immunity acquired due to vaccination
This disease causes loss of young through spontaneous abortion or birth of weak offspring, reduced milk production, and infertility.
Brucellosis
List two examples of helminths
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
There are six major kinds of pathogens that can cause infectious disease:
Helminths
Prions
Protozoa
and what are the other 3
Bacteria, viruses, and fungi
____________ is the ability of a pathogen to overcome the resistance of the host defenses
Virulence
Many factors affect the spread of disease by affecting the host, the environment, the pathogen, or all of the above. These include what 3(+) things
Overcrowding
Weather
Hygiene
Vectors (mice, mosquitoes, etc.)
A widespread disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii, which is able to infect mammals, birds, reptiles and arthropods. It causes a mild disease in ruminants, but can cause abortions and still births in cattle, sheep and goats
Q fever
when blood vessels dilate due to bacteremia, causing hypotension (drop in blood pressure) and hypoperfusion (lack of blood flow through an organ).
Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIRS)