Photosynthesis
What is the primary pigment responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis?
chlorophyll?
In which cellular organelle does aerobic respiration occur?
mitochondria?
What is the main function of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in cells?
energy currency of the cell
Which gas is exchanged during external respiration in the lungs?
oxygen (O2)?
Define homeostasis.
maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism?
In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?
chloroplast?
What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?
ATP (energy)?
During which cellular process is ATP synthesized?
cellular respiration?
Name the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
alveoli?
Name the temperature-regulating center in the brain that helps maintain a constant body temperature.
hypothalamus?
What are the two main products of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
ATP and NADPH?
Name the three main stages of cellular respiration.
glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain?
Name two types of anaerobic respiration in cells.
lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?
What is the primary waste gas removed during exhalation?
carbon dioxide (CO2)?
What hormone is released by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?
insulin?
During photosynthesis, what gas is taken in by the plant and used to produce glucose?
carbon dioxide (CO2)?
What molecule is produced during glycolysis and serves as the starting molecule for the Krebs cycle?
pyruvate?
What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
generation of a proton gradient to produce ATP
What is the process by which oxygen is transported in the bloodstream bound to hemoglobin?
oxygenation?
In response to dehydration, what hormone is released to conserve water in the kidneys?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Name the process that occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast and involves the conversion of CO2 into glucose.
Calvin cycle?
In the absence of oxygen, what process follows glycolysis for energy production?
anaerobic fermentation?
How many molecules of ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?
36-38 ATP?
What respiratory disorder is characterized by the inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing?
asthma?
Name one organ involved in regulating blood calcium levels.
parathyroid gland or bones (as they store and release calcium)