Living Environment
Acid rain is a major problem in the Adirondack Mountains. Evidence that acid rain negatively affected the Adirondack ecosystems is that
(1) the rain has increased the amount of water in Adirondack lakes
(2) there has been a decrease in the variety of fish found in Adirondack lakes
(3) the amount of carbon dioxide in the air over the Adirondack Mountains has drastically decreased in recent years
(4) the number of heterotrophic organisms in Adirondack lakes has increased
(2) there has been a decrease in the variety of fish found in Adirondack lakes
an immune response is primarily due to the body's white blood cells recognizing
(1) a hormone imbalance
(2) abiotic organisms
(3) foreign antigens
(4) known antibiotics
(3) foreign antigens
Doctors sometimes use a vaccine to prepare the body to defend itself against future infections. These vaccines most often contain
(1) antibodies
(2)antibiotics
(3) white blood cells
(4) weakened pathogens
(4) weakened pathogens
On a hot day, dogs sweat through their paw pads and pant, which helps keep them cool. Both the sweating and panting are
(1) due to a loss of oxygen
(2) a failure of cell communication
(3) due to a lack of adaption to the environment
(4) a response to a stimulus
(4) a response to a stimulus
It may be harmful when people compete to see who can hold their breath the longest under water. Without oxygen, brain cells
(1) cannot make enough ATP
(2) have too few mitochondria
(3) make too many enzymes
(4) have too much water
(1) cannot make enough ATP
An example of competition between members of two different species is
(1) mold growing on a dead tree that has fallen in the forest
(2) purple loosestrife plants growing in the same wet areas as cattail plants
(3) a coyote feeding on the remains of a deer that died of starvation
(4) two male turkeys displaying mating behaviors to attract a female turkey
(2) purple loosestrife plants growing in the same wet areas as cattail plants
When an altered ecosystem is left undisturbed, the most likely result would be
(1) the gradual evolution of all of the original species
(2) a rapid return to the original ecosystem
(3) the elimination of all of the predator species
(4) a gradual shift toward a stable ecosystem
(4) a gradual shift toward a stable ecosystem
After feeding at the surface of the ocean during the day, many ocean organisms migrate to deeper waters. While there, they release ammonia in their urine. Many bacteria use the nitrogen from the ammonia as they make amino acids, which eventually end up in food chains on both land and water. These amino acids may even be used in humans. Which statement best explains these observations?
(1) Chemical elements, including nitrogen, pass through food webs and are combined and recombined in different ways.
(2) Chemical elements, including nitrogen, are removed from food webs and eliminated from ecosystems.
(3) Nitrogen is transferred directly from bacteria to humans.
(4) All elements in the ocean remain there and are not transferred to other ecosystems.
(1) Chemical elements, including nitrogen, pass through food webs and are combined and recombined in different ways.
Single-celled organisms are able to maintain homeostasis, even though they lack higher levels of organization such as organs and organ systems, because
(1) single-celled organisms do not carry out the same life processes as multicellular organisms
(2) multicellular organisms do not rely on tissues or organs to carry out life processes
(3) cell structures work together to maintain homeostasis in single-celled organisms
(4) single-celled organisms are able to coordinate organ functions to maintain homeostasis
(3) cell structures work together to maintain homeostasis in single-celled organisms
An ameba is a single-celled organism. It uses its cell membrane to obtain food from its environment, digest the food with the help of organelles called lysosomes, and uses other organelles to process the digested food. From this, we can best infer that
(1) all single-celled organisms have lysosomes to digest food
(2) amebas are capable of digesting any type of food molecule
(3) single-celled organisms are as complex as multicellular organisms
(4) structures in amebas have functions similar to organs in multicellular organisms
(4) structures in amebas have functions similar to organs in multicellular organisms
The development of organs and tissues from a zygote includes
(1) mitosis and differentiation
(2) mitosis and gamete production
(3) meiosis and gamete production
(4) meiosis and fertilization
(1) mitosis and differentiation
(2) Materials are exchanged between fetal and maternal blood.
Scientists who have examined the fossil record have noted that some species have changed very little over long periods of geologic time. The lack of change in such organisms is most likely because
(1) all member of their population were genetically identical, and they lived in a rapidly changing environment
(2) there was a large amount of variation in their population, and the environment changed frequently
(3) they could move between different environments when food supplies became scarce
(4) the environment that they lived in remained the same, and they were well-adapted to it
(4) the environment that they lived in remained the same, and they were well-adapted to it
If 15% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what percentage of the sample is made up of cytosine, C?
(1) 15%
(2) 35%
(3) 70 %
(4) 85%
(2) 35%
As climate changes, which type of reproduction would most likely result in a greater change of survival for a species?
(1) sexual reproduction, with a short reproductive cycle
(2) sexual reproduction, with a long reproductive cycle
(3) asexual reproduction, with a short reproductive cycle
(4) asexual reproduction, with a long reproductive cycle
(3) asexual reproduction, with a short reproductive cycle
(1) Specialization occurs, resulting in the formation of a great variety of cell types
38. (3)
39. (2)
31. (4)
32. (4)
39. (2)
40. (3)
33. (4)
34. (3)