Life in the Earth System
What are some different types of models that exist?
Physical, mathematical, simulations, and conceptual models.
What do specialized cells do?
Work together for the entire organism to maintain homeostasis.
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining a stable, internal environment
What is the key word to remember for:
A) Criteria
B) Constraints
A) Wants
B) Must
What is osmoregulation?
Controlling the water and salt balance in the body
What is an example of a conceptual model?
Flowchart to show the concepts/pathway taken.
What are some parts of cells we talked about in class found in plant AND animal cells? Give me 4.
Mitochondria, Nucleus, Ribosomes, Cell membrane, Cytoskeleton, Nuclear envelope, and Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is a negative feedback loop?
Does it mean this is a bad loop?
When your body tries to return directly to set point.
No! Negative does NOT mean bad.
If your design does not cover all of the constraints, what must be done?
Redesigning. Constraints have to be met so you must go back and recreate your design to meet this list
Is a freshwater fish concerned about salt levels? What do they release/expel as a result?
Yes! Large amounts of water and small amounts of salt
What are the 4 spheres on Earth?
Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Geosphere, and Biosphere.
What are types of cells found ONLY in plant cells?
Cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplasts.
What is a positive feedback loop?
When your body is taken farther away from set point before it returns to normal.
What is the first step in the engineering/design process?
Identifying the problem
Is a saltwater fish concerned about salt levels? What is released/expelled as a result?
No! Large amounts of salt and small amounts of water.
Define each of the spheres of Earth.
1) Hydrosphere: all water
2) Atmosphere: all air
3) Biosphere: all living
4) Geosphere: all land
1. What do ribosomes do?
2. What do mitochondria do?
1. Produce proteins
2. Supply energy
What is the stimulus, receptor, control center, and effector in the following example:
You are outside playing a game of tag without a coat on. The temperature is 30 degrees Fahrenheit. You begin to shiver.
Stimulus: the cold
Receptors: in your skin
Control center: brain
Effector: shiver
What does a decisions matrix do?
Helps you choose which design best meets your criteria and constraints.
What do the stomata do in a plant?
Exchange the carbon dioxide (take in) and oxygen (release). Water is also lost in the process.
Organize the following in order from smallest to largest:
Organism, Population, Ecosystem, Community
Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem,
Which organ systems mainly interact when you are taking a test? Tell why for each. (Hint: Looking for 4)
Nervous - thinking and sending electric impulses throughout the body
Muscular - your hand is moving to write
Respiratory - you are breathing
Skeletal - supports your body so you can move
When you exercise, explain what happens in your body (heart rate, temperature, or oxygen/carbon dioxide content).
Tell me the pathway that is taken for information using the terms: set point, receptors, control center, stimulus, and effectors.
Stimulus is the exercise. This increases your heart rate which takes you farther from set point, your happy resting heart rate. Your lungs are the receptors, noticing that you need to take in more oxygen, so your control center (brain) sends a message out for you to start breathing more rapidly. This increases your heart rate, the effector.
When should you test your prototype and why?
After designing it to see if it meets the criteria and constraints laid out.
What do plants roots do in response to drought?
They grow longer, branch out more, become thinner, and harden.