An area of land nearly surrounded by water and connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land
What is a peninsula?
100
This polis encouraged young men to explore knowledge and the fine arts
What is Athens?
100
Famous battle told to have been fought by 300 Spartans who were led by the great warrior-king Leonidas
What is Thermopylae?
100
Greek thinkers who challenged traditions, and used observation and reason to discover the laws that governed the universe (also called "lovers of wisdom")
Who are philosophers?
100
He is commonly regarded as the first real historian of Western civilization
Who is Herodotus?
200
This geographic feature led to disunity of Greek communities
What are mountains?
200
This polis emphasized strict discipline and physical strength starting at a young age
What is Sparta?
200
Greek city-states united to fight these invaders after Ionian Greeks rebelled against their rule
Who are the Persians?
200
Started a special school called the Academy; also was student of Socrates
Who is Plato?
200
This wise and skillful Athenian leader helped to dominate the Delian League, and turned Athens into the cultural center of Greece
Who is Pericles?
300
Largest Greek island that was home to the Minoan civilization
What is Crete?
300
Discontent by the aristocracy, Athens moved toward this type of government in which the government is ruled by the people
What is a democracy?
300
A massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers
What is a phalanx?
300
This philosopher was the personal tutor to Alexander the Great
Who is Aristotle?
300
He was the son of Darius and became the Persian king that vowed revenge against Athens
Who is Xerxes?
400
These early Greek sea traders dominated the Aegean world from about 1400 BCE to 1200 BCE, and learned many skills from the Minoans, including the art of writing
Who are the Mycenaeans?
400
The Parthenon was a magnificat temple built to honor this patron goddess.
Who is Athena?
400
A power struggle between Athens and Sparta led to this war in 431 BCE
What is the Peloponnesian War?
400
Plays that told stories of human suffering that usually ended in disaster
What are tragedies?
400
Macedonian who conquered lands in Africa and Asia, and spread the Hellenistic culture
Who is Alexander ("the Great")?
500
As Greeks came in contact with people from foreign lands with different languages and customs, they felt superior to them and referred to them as this
What is barbarian?
500
Dominated by Athens, this alliance was formed by Greek city-states to protect one and another from future attacks
What is the Delian League?
500
Heavily armed foot soldiers who were usually from the middle class who could afford to purchase the armor and weapons necessary for battle
What are hoplites?
500
This philosopher believed that "the unexamined life is not worth living"
Who is Socrates?
500
The approximate number of lines in both The Iliad and The Odyssey which were recited by heart by Homer and subsequent Greek youths.