A
Along a ______ fault, rock above the fault surface moves downward in relation to rock below the fault surface.
normal
Along a ______ fault, rock above the fault surface moves upward in relation to rock below the fault surface.
reverse
The magnitude of an earthquake is measured by the __________.
Richter scale
surface waves
people who study earthquakes
seismologists
used to describe the amount of energy an earthquake releases
moment magnitude scale
waves that travel outward from the epicenter
surface waves
instruments that record seismic activity
seismometer
P waves
S waves
graphical illustration of earthquake waves
seismograms
Secondary waves _____ when they hit the liquid outer core.
stop
If, after an eruption, the top of a volcano collapses down, a _____ forms.
caldera
When the force on rocks is great enough, they break, producing vibrations called __________.
earthquakes
The _______ waves are the first to reach a seismograph after an earthquake.
primary
Scientists discovered changes in Earth's interior by studying ________.
changes in seismic waves
Where can volcanoes form?
divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, over hotspots in the middle of plates
A break in Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another is called _______.
fault
The point in Earth's interior where the energy release of an earthquake occurs is the _____.
focus
Which scale would be used to classify an earthquake based on a description found in ancient writings?
Modified Mercalli Scale
A ______ often forms a mountain when layers of lava and volcanic ash erupt and build up.
volcanoe
A person located twice as far from an epicenter of an earthquake as another person will notice that the time between the arrival of the primary and secondary waves will be _______.
larger
around 60
Primary waves ______ when they hit the liquid outer core.
slow down
At a ______ fault, rocks on either side of the fault surface move past each other.
strike-slip