Terms
the ability of the brain to change through the making and braking of synaptic connections between neurons; causing factors are both genetic and environmental
Neuroplasticity
Documented the case study of "Tan" in 1861
Paul Broca
People with __ have a general impairment of language comprehension, when they speak they sound really fluent and natural, but what they say is in fact largely meaningless.
Wernicke’s aphasia
The idea that other senses may be used to make up for a lost sense is called ___, it was introduced by Paul Bach-y-Rita
sense substitution
It is the largest part of the human brain associated with higher-order functions such as abstract thought or voluntary action.
The cortex
an original model of the body within the brain: it
shows the relative representation of various parts
of the body in the sensory cortex.
the cortical homunculus
Created the cortical homunculus
Wilder Penfield
this concept refers to the ability of one part of the cortex to take over the functions of another part of the cortex.
Equipotentiality
Maguire et al (2000) investigated the brains of ___ which showed both localization of function and neuroplasticity for spatial memory
taxi drivers
this lobe is associated with processing auditory information, memory and speech.
temporal lobe
the phenomenon when brain area X assumes the functions of brain area Y, for example, due to injury.
cortical remapping
Through his research on rats, he concluded that memory is widely distributed across the cortex.
Karl Lashley
the division of functions between the two hemispheres of the cortex, a special case of localization
lateralization
Draganski et al conducted a study to find out whether the human brain can really change structure in response to environmental demands. They taught one group how to ____
Juggle
part of the limbic system, it is involved in memory, emotion and fear.
the amygdala
Some blind people can acquire the ability to see around them with echoes
human echolocation
His pioneering work in sensory substitution started with the invention of a chair that allowed congenitally blind people to “see”
Paul Bach-y-rita
Currently, neuroscience supports ___, it admits localization for some functions under some conditions, but it also clearly outlines limits of localization.
relative localization
Neuroplasticity can be observed on different
scales. On the smallest scale, at the level of a single
neuron, it takes the form of this
synaptic plasticity
also called "the little brain" because it resembles the cortex
The cerebellum
includes artificial sensory organs and bionic limbs that can be controlled by thought.
brain-machine interfaces
They conducted research on split-brain patients to study lateralization
Gazzaniga (1967) and Sperry (1968).
This principle is based on a correlation observed between the percentage of cortex removed and learning abilities.The principle is based on the idea that the less cortex, the slower and more inefficient the learning.
principle of mass action
Conducted studies on owl monkeys
Merzenich et al
is “below” the thalamus in the brain and it is involved in such functions as emotion, thirst and hunger.
The hypothalamus