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100
Define an observational study
A study that observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses
100
Define a census
Every individual in a population is contacted to obtain data
100
Define a subject
Experimental units that are humans
100
Define bias
A study that systematically favors certain outcomes
100
Define voluntary response sample
A sample that consists of people who choose themselves by responding to a general appeal
200
A ___________ of sample size n consists of n individuals from the population chosen in such a way that every set of n individuals has an equal change to be the sample actually selected
Simple random sample
200
A _________ has the following properties: 1. Each entry is equally likely to be any of the 10 digits between 0 and 9 2. The entries are independent of each other
Table of random digits
200
A _________ is when you divide the population into groups of similar individuals and then choose a separate SRS in each group, called __________, and combine these SRSs to form the full sample
Stratified random sample; strata
200
__________ occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample
Undercoverage
200
___________ occurs when an individual chosen for the sample can't be contacted or does not wish to cooperate
Nonresponse
300
Name four methods of sampling
Multistage, SRS, stratified, voluntary response
300
When Logan filled out his Republican Party Survey, he thought that there may have been bias due to _______
Poorly worded questions
300
What are the three principles of experimental design
Control, randomization, and replication
300
A _______ is a group of experimental units that are known before the experiment to be similar in some way that is expected to affect the response to the treatments
Block
300
What is considered by the book to be the simplest form of control
Comparison
400
Who is your favorite math teacher
Mrs. Dewees
400
Design a double blind experiment for doctors wanting to know if their new treatment (pill) works. 100 subjects are available for use
Randomly divide 100 subjects into two groups of 50. Randomly assign one group as control and one group as experimental, and give the control group a placebo. Compare results. Only one person knows who is in what group and that person isn't involved in conducting the experiment
400
A survey of physicians found that some doctors give placebos to patients for pain control. If the patient's pain improves, these doctors conclude that the pain has no physical basis. The medical school researchers who conducted the survey claimed that these doctors don't understand the placebo effect, why?
Placebo effect makes patients believe they are getting treatment, and often times this belief causes the pain, which can often have a mental basis, to subside
400
The initiation of chance behavior, based on a model that accurately reflects the experiment under consideration, is called a ________
Simulation
400
The ability to grow in shade may help pines found in dry forests resist drought. How well do these pines grow in shade? Investigators planted pine seedlings in a greenhouse in either full/reduced light. At the end of the study, they dried the young trees and weighed them. Name the experimental units, factors, treatments, and response variables
Units = individual trees, factor = amount of light, treatments = full/reduced light, response variable = weight of trees
500
What does the book think is the most serious potential weakness of experiments
Lack of realism
500
What is lack of realism
The subjects or treatments or setting of an experiment may not realistically duplicate the conditions we really want to study
500
What design has the same name as the last name of one of the students in this class
Block design
500
When is graduation practice
Friday after school
500
What does the book say are the steps of a simulation? (hint there are 5)
1. State the problem or describe the experiment 2. state the assumptions 3. assign digits to represent outcomes 4. simulate many repititions 5. state your conclusions