Main Categories & ?s
These are the 3 main categories of informal logic.
What is Clarity, Presumption, and Relevance? (CPR)
Greek word meaning 'loving' or 'friend'.
What is 'philos'?
This path of logic focuses on the 'form' or shape the argument takes.
What is formal logic?
It is the topic under discussion.
In an argument, what is an 'issue'?
The art and science of reasoning.
What is logic?
Making assumptions that are not necessarily justified or based off of enough information.
What are presumptions?
Greek word meaning 'wisdom'.
What is 'sophia'?
This type of reasoning is described as 'whole-to-part', and 'leads down' to a necessary conclusion.
What is deductive reasoning?
The rational reason(s) expressed in support of or opposition to a particular position on a topic.
What is an argument?
This law states that 'A cannot be both A and non-A at the same time'
What is the law of non-contradiction?
Pertaining or having to do with the main issue.
What is relevance?
Latin for 'evidence or proof'. The abbreviated form of this word means 'to prove or reveal'.
What is 'argumentum'? (arguo)
This type of reasoning is classifyed as 'part-to-whole', , and attempts to 'lead in' a more general conclusion.
What is inductive reasoning?
A right understanding of facts, and how they relate in reality.
What is truth?
This type of reasoning uses the 'bones' of deductive reasoning. It strives to find what is valid or invalid with certainty.
What is formal logic?
Using clear & precise words in an argument.
What is clarity?
Latin phrase meaning 'to the source'.
What is 'ad fontem'?
This form of logic focuses on the way the argument is expressed in everyday language?
What is informal logic?
The right way of reasoning and thinking.
What is validity?
A three statement deductive arguemnt containing: 1. Major premise 2. Minor premise 3. Conclusion
What is the form of a syllogism?
The four key questions to ask yourself about an argument.
1. What is the issue?
2. Is the argument relevant to the issue?
3. Is something being assumed that shouldn't?
4. Is the arguemnt clear?
In Latin means 'it does not follow'.
What is non sequitur
In formal logic, what you get when a syllogism is truth + correct validity.
What is a sound argument?
One is trying to prove something is valid or invalid, while the other is focused on strong or weak arguments to determine the probability of something. (Say which one is which)
What does formal logic and informal logic strive to do?
1. ID the etymology. 2. ID the category.
3. ID the difference. 4. Craft complete description.
What are the steps to building a good definition or classifying a fallacy?