Main Categories & ?s
These are the 3 main categories of informal logic.
What is Clarity, Presumption, and Relevance? (CPR)
Greek word meaning 'loving' or 'friend'.
What is 'philos'?
A type of reasoning that uses 'form' for deductive thinking. It strives to find what is valid or invalid with certainty.
What is formal logic?
The main topic under discussion.
In an argument, what is an 'issue'?
The art and science of reasoning.
What is logic?
Supposing things not necessarily justified or warranted.
What are presumptions?
Greek word meaning 'wisdom'.
What is 'sophia'?
This type of reasoning is described as 'whole-to-part', and 'leads down' to a necessary conclusion.
What is deductive reasoning?
The rational reason(s) expressed in support of or opposition to a particular position on a topic.
What is an argument?
This law states that 'A cannot be both A and non-A at the same time'
What is the law of non-contradiction?
Pertaining or having to do with the main issue.
What is relevance?
Latin for 'evidence or proof'. The abbreviated form of this word means 'to prove or reveal'.
What is 'argumentum'? (arguo)
This type of reasoning is classified as 'part-to-whole', and attempts to 'lead in' a more general conclusion or strong persuasion.
What is inductive reasoning?
A right understanding of facts, and how they relate in reality.
What is truth?
In a major premise that has two parts, this is the first part of the statement.
What is an antecedent?
Using clear & precise words in an argument.
What is clarity?
Latin phrase meaning 'to the source'.
What is 'ad fontem'?
Focuses on strong or weak arguments to determine the probability of something (expressed in everyday language).
What is informal logic?
The precise, right way of reasoning and thinking.
What is validity?
A three statement deductive arguemnt containing: 1. Major premise 2. Minor premise 3. Conclusion
What is the form of a syllogism?
The four key questions to ask yourself about an argument.
1. What is the issue?
2. Is the argument relevant to the issue?
3. Is something being assumed that shouldn't?
4. Is the argument clear?
In Latin means 'it does not follow'.
What is non sequitur
In formal logic, what you get when a syllogism is truth + correct validity.
What is a sound argument?
One is trying to prove something valid or invalid, while the other is focused on strong or weak arguments to determine the probability of something. (Say which one is which)
What is formal logic and informal logic?
1. ID the etymology. 2. ID the category.
3. ID the difference. 4. Craft complete description.
What are the steps to building a good definition or classifying a fallacy?