Testing Syllogisms by Counterexamples
A syllogism of the same form as the original, but with obviously true premises and an obviously false conclusion.
What is a counterexample?
A term that, within a statement, refers to all members of its class.
What is a distributed term?
The number of rule(s) a syllogism must break in order to be invalid.
What is one?
This does not depend on the truth or falsity of individual statements.
What is validity?
These are distributed in E statements.
What are the subject and predicate?
It's the rule broken in the following syllogism:
No men are immortals.
Some immortals are not women.
Therefore, no women are men.
What is "a valid syllogism cannot have two negative premises?"
It is the only valid syllogism form that begins with a particular negative.
What is an OAO-3?
These are distributed in negative statements.
What are predicates?
An affirmative conlcusion requires this number of affirmative premises.
What is two?
This is the number of invalid syllogism forms.
What is 232?
It's the relationship on the Square of Opposition that demonstrates the opposite pattern of distributed terms.
What is contradiction?
They are the fallacies commited in the following syllogism:
Some cats are not dogs
Some trees are not dogs
Therefore, No trees are cats
What are illicit minor, illicit major, and two negative premises?
It is often used as the best way to begin developing a counterexample.
What is a false conclusion?
These are the fallacies that involve the placement of distributed terms.
What are the fallacies of the undistributed middle, illicit major, and illicit minor?
The combination of these rules can be summed up as "the number of negative conclusions in a syllogism must equal the number of negative premises."
What are rules 3-5?