Syllogisms
Is this a valid syllogism?
OEA-1
Invalid, any syllogism with two negative premises is invalid.
True or false, a consequent is the result in a hypothetical statement (follows "If...")
TRUE!
AAA, EAE, ......
Mood
What is the mood and figure of a syllogism?
Form
Four types of statements represented by the square of opposition
A, E, I, O universal aff. and neg, particular aff. and neg
Is this a valid syllogism?
OOA - 3
invalid - two negative premises
True or false? A number form from 1 to 5 identifying the placement of the syllogism's middle term is called the figure.
FALSE! Only 4 forms
If P, then Q.
Hypothetical statement
What is a statement that affirms an outcome based on a condition?
Enthymeme
The relationship between A and O and I and E statements
Contradiction - opposite truth values
What is the middle term in the following syllogism?
All men are mortals.
No mortals are angels.
Therefore, some angels are not men.
mortals
True or False, a syllogism is sound if it has valid premises.
False! A syllogism is sound if it has true and valid premises
whoever, whatever, wherever, whenever, however, always
Inclusive
What is an argument that uses only hypothetical statements?
Pure hypothetical syllogism
Relationship between universal A and E statements
Relationship between particular I and O statements
Contrariety - both can be false but can't both be true
Subcontrariety - both can be true but they both can't be false
Is this a valid syllogism?
All whales are mammals.
No canaries are mammals.
Therefore, some canaries are not whales.
Valid - if the conclusion is negative, one premise must be negative
True or False, a syllogism is an inductive argument that contains to premises and 1 conclusion.
FALSE. It is a deductive argument not inductive
follows if .....
Antecedent
What is a term , within a statement, that refers to all members of this class/category?
Distributed term
Relationship between a universal and particular statement of the same quality. The truth of the universal requires the truth of the particular
Subimplication - between A and I and E and O statements
Is this syllogism valid?
Some M is P
Some S is M
Therefore, No S is P
Invalid - illicit major, illicit minor, undistributed middle, two affirmative premises and a negative conclusion
True or False, a contrapositive statement reverses and negates both the subject and predicate of the original only in A and O statements.
TRUE
only, nobody but, nothing but, unless, except
Exclusive
A syllogism with the same form as the original, but with obviously true premises an an obviously false conclusion, in order to show the original to be invalid.
Counterexample
Relationship between the universal and particular statements of the same quality in which the falsity of the particular requires the falsity of the universal
Superimplication