Reasoning
The two types of reasoning we learned about are
Inductive and Deductive
Which philosopher is credited for the creating the Laws of Logic?
Aristotle
An argument is ________ if the conclusion follows the premise.
Valid
____________ are used to identify different types of extended arguments.
Argument maps
Time flies like an arrow, fruit flies like a banana is an example of what kind of language.
Ambiguous
The first step of reasoning is to identify the parts of a statement. What do call these parts?
Premise and Conclusion
Something is the case or it is not the case, cannot be true and false.
Law of excluded middle
True or False?
For an argument to be valid, the premise and conclusions must be true.
False, an argument can be considered valid even if the information is not true.
When one argument leads to another we label this a ___________ argument
Vertical
A statement that has unclear or definite meaning. To gain clarity you must ask questions.
Vague
_____________ is a previous statement(s) from which another in inferred. The base of an argument.
Premise
It cannot be that something is both the case and is not the case at the same time.
Example: An object cannot be red and green at the same time.
Law of Contradiction
An argument which is valid and the premises are true is considered sound or unsound?
Sound
Describe a horizontal argument
When the premises lead to the conclusion but not to one another.
Obscure
Lacks core meaning and may have hidden or alternative meaning.
_____________ is a judgement or decision reached by reasoning.
Conclusion
Everything has characteristics that make it what it is, it is identical to itself.
Law of identity
Define cogent
Cogent means obvious and easy to accept as true and valid.
Having two or more premises that need one another to come to a conclusion.
Conjoint
What is jargon?
Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.
What are the main differences between Inductive and Deductive reasoning?
Deduction= Certainly true Induction= Probably true
Deduction= General to specific Induction= Specific to general
Intuitive and first person perception of truth.
Self-evident truth
Logic and reasoning are used to the find the _______________ of an argument
Truth
True or False
An argument can have multiple conclusions.
True
Stubborn vs. Perseverant is an example of what kind of language?
Emotive words