This or That… But Not Really
If you don’t support our leader, you must want the country to fail.
False Dilemma
This creates an artificial "either-or" choice when, in reality, a person can criticize a leader while still supporting their country.
After I wore my lucky socks, we won the championship. My socks must be magical!
Post Hoc
Just because one event follows another doesn't mean the first caused the second. The victory was likely due to skill, not socks.
If you don’t lend me money, I’ll be homeless, and it will be your fault!
Appeal to Pity
This argument relies on emotional manipulation rather than logical reasoning to persuade.
Scientists say watching TV lowers intelligence.
Anonymous Authority
No specific scientist or credible source is named, making the claim unreliable.
We can’t trust what he says about climate change—he flies on private jets!
Ad Hominem
Attacking someone’s character or lifestyle doesn’t disprove their argument.
Either we ban social media, or cyberbullying will never stop.
False Dilemma
This presents only two options when, in reality, other solutions (such as digital literacy programs, stricter moderation, or parental guidance) could help combat cyberbullying.
Every time I wash my car, it rains the next day. Washing my car causes rain.
Post Hoc
The rain and car washing are unrelated events, but the argument falsely assumes causation.
If you don’t vote for me, I will make sure you regret it.
Appeal to Force
This statement uses intimidation rather than logic to gain support.
Everyone in my town supports this new law, so it must be a good law.
Bandwagon
The majority opinion doesn’t guarantee something is correct or just.
You’re just a kid—what do you know about politics?
Ad Hominem
Dismissing an argument based on the person’s age rather than engaging with their reasoning is a logical fallacy.
If we let this small shop open, soon corporations will take over the whole town.
Slippery Slope
It suggests that a minor action will trigger an extreme chain of events without logical reasoning.
Three students failed the math test, so this school must have bad teachers.
Hasty Generalization
The argument makes a broad claim about the school's teaching quality based on a small, unrepresentative sample.
You must let me pass this class—I work two jobs to support my family!
Appeal to Pity
Academic performance should be based on merit, not personal hardships.
A famous basketball player says this energy drink is the best, so it must be true.
Appeal to Authority
Expertise in one field (sports) doesn’t make someone an expert in another (nutrition).
How can you criticize my spending? You waste money all the time!
Appeal to Hypocrisy
A person's past actions don’t negate the validity of their argument.
You either agree with me on everything, or we can't be friends.
False Dilemma
This argument falsely assumes that complete agreement is the only condition for friendship, disregarding the possibility of respectful disagreement.
Books and movies both tell stories, so watching a movie is the same as reading a book.
False Analogy
Just because two things share some similarities doesn’t mean they are identical in all aspects.
Believe in our cause, or you’ll be ostracized by society.
Appeal to Force
Instead of reason, this argument uses a threat to pressure agreement.
My friend told me that drinking coffee stunts your growth.
Anonymous Authority
Explanation: The claim is based on an unspecified or unreliable source rather than scientific evidence.
Why do you always lie to your friends?
Complex Question
This assumes the person lies to their friends, forcing them to accept a false premise.
If we don’t believe in heaven, then life has no meaning.
Appeal to Consequences
The desirability of a belief doesn’t determine its truth. Something isn’t true just because it gives life meaning.
Stealing is always wrong, so it was immoral for that starving man to take food.
Accident
A general rule (stealing is wrong) is applied too rigidly, ignoring exceptional circumstances where moral considerations might differ.
We must either increase tuition fees or shut down the university.
False Dilemma
It ignores alternative solutions such as fundraising, budget restructuring, or government support.
Everyone is buying this new phone, so it must be the best.
Bandwagon
Popularity doesn’t determine quality. Just because many people do something doesn’t mean it’s right.
Have you stopped being a terrible boss?
Complex Question
This unfairly assumes the person was a terrible boss to begin with, leading them into a trap.