Define
Intermolecular Forces
Forces between molecules
London dispersion forces only occur in nonpolar molecules.
False
London dispersion forces are:
a) Strong ionic bonds
b) Covalent bonds
c) Weak intermolecular attractions
d) Hydrogen bonds
C
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Two nonpolar molecules are attracted to each other. Explain how London dispersion forces allow this attraction to happen even though the molecules have no perminant charges.
Electrons in nonpolar molecules are always moving. Sometimes they cluster on one side, creating a temporary dipole. This temporary dipole can induce a dipole in a nearby molecule, and the opposite charges attract. This is how London dispersion forces create attraction between nonpolar molecules.
IntraMolecular forces
Forces between molecules within
Larger atoms have stronger dispersion forces
True
Which molecule has the strongest dispersion forces?
a) F₂
b) Cl₂
c) Br₂
d) I₂
D
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Two molecules have the same molar mass. One is long and straight, and the other is compact and branched. Which one would you expect to have stronger London dispersion forces, and why?
The long, straight molecule has more surface area in contact with neighboring molecules. More contact allows more temporary dipoles to interact, so the straight molecule has stronger London dispersion forces than the branched molecule.
London Dispersion Forces
the weakest, temporary attraction
Dispersion forces are permanent dipoles.
False
Dispersion forces increase with:
a) Decreasing molar mass
b) Increasing number of electrons
c) Lower temperature
d) Smaller surface area
B
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Why do London dispersion forces increase as you go down a group on the periodic table?
Atoms lower in a group have more electrons and larger electron clouds, which are easier to distort. Easier distortion means stronger temporary dipoles, which increases London dispersion forces.
Temporary Dipole
when one side is partially negative while the other is partially positive
All molecules have dispersion forces.
True
what causes London dispersion forces?
a) permanent positive and negative charges .
b) uneven movement of electrons creating temporary dipoles
c) sharing of electrons
d) transfer of electrons
B
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Why are London dispersion forces present in all molecules, even nonpolar ones?
Because all molecules have electrons that are constantly moving, and moving electrons can create temporary dipoles, which produce London dispersion forces.
Induced Dipole
the negative side repels electrons in near by molecules that causes it to form its own temporary
London dispersion forces become stronger when molecule have more electrons and greater surface area
true
Which structure would have stronger London dispersion forces?
a) A small, Compact molecule
b)A long, Straight straight-chain molecule
c) A single atom with few electrons
d) A molecule with no electrons
B
Explain why larger atoms have stronger London dispersion forces.
more electrons stronger LDF
Two nonpolar molecules collide. Describe what happens to create a weak attraction between them.
Electrons in one molecule may shift temporarily, forming a temporary dipole, which induces a dipole in the other molecule. The opposite charges attract, creating a London dispersion force.