How many tribes were on Long Island before the English settlers came?
13
100
Explain the role of the Grand Sachem
The Grand Sachem was an appointed position by the Europeans. He was able to sign off on all land deeds for any tribe. He was often manipulated by the Europeans so they could get more land.
100
Who were the Paleo Indians? Between what years did they live?
The ancient Indians, they lived from 7,000 B.C. to 3,500 B.C.
100
Who first bought land on Long Island?
The Dutch in the late 1630's
200
What is the difference between the north and south shore?
The north shore is more rocky due to the glacial debris
200
What was their form of currency? What was this called?
Wampum
200
Who was the first Grand Sachem?
Wyandanch
200
What was the Archaic Period known for? (3,500 B.C. - 1,000 B.C.)
Hunting, gathering, and fishing
200
How did the concept of "shared ownership" interfere with land deeds?
The Native Americans believed natures resources could not be owned by any one individual and therefore did not understand what the land deeds actually meant.
300
How was Long Island created?
By glaciers
300
Explain the "3 sisters"
The 3 sisters were squash, corn, and beans. They were planted together due to their symbiotic nature, this helped all three plants grow better.
300
Who was the first European to come to Long Island? What did he discover?
Adrian Block, he discovered Long Island was an island
300
What language did they speak?
Algonquin
300
How much money was Manhattan bought for?
$24
400
How old is Long Island?
11,000 years old
400
What two Native American reservations remain today on Long Island?
The Shinnecock Reservation in South Hampton and The Poospatuck Reservation in Mastic
400
Who was Quashawam?
Quashawam was the daughter of Wyandanch. She became the Grand Sachem after her father and brother died.
400
Describe their social system.
It was based on a 3 tiered system with the lowest tier being the family, the 2nd tier was the band (a group of families) and the 3rd and largest tier was the multi-band congregation made up of bands
400
Give two examples of strategies Europeans used to manipulate the Native Americans
Alcohol-The Native Americans had a low tolerance for alcohol and the Europeans used this to their advantage.
Intimidation-The Pequot War was used as a threat to make sure the Native Americans did what the Europeans wanted
500
What was the original name of Long Island?
Paumanok
500
What are indian bards?
The indian bards were large pits created by the Native Americans in order to bury and preserve their food.
500
Who were the Brotherton Indians?
Montauk indians that went upstate to Brotherton, NY to escape the Europeans. They gathered with other tribes to try and preserve their culture.
500
Give three examples of why a multi-band congregation would form.
Multiple bands would gather for a big hunt, religious ceremonies, and to trade goods.
500
Give at least two examples of how the Native Americans were pulled into European culture.
Reverends converted them to Christianity. Europeans would sell them goods causing them to become financially dependent on them. They hired them as whalers. They were forced to create a figurehead that represented all Native Americans.