types
The immediate information on material we are currently processing
What is working memory
The process in which we store auditory information, for example memorizing the tune of a song.
what is acoustic encoding?
someone with expertise or extremely good memory on a specific subject or field
what is an expert?
the idea that deep and meaningful information is more easily integrated into our memories.
what is the levels of processing approach?
an expectation or conceptualization of something based on past experiences
what is a schema?
the memories of events in our individual past
what is episodic memory?
a quality of a memory that is unique and stands out from other ones
what is distinctiveness?
the loss of the capacity to form new memories
what is anterograde amnesia?
The researchers who hypothesized the levels of processing approach
who are Craik and Lockhart?
When people believe that there is a high level of similarity between their past beliefs and their current ones
what is consistency bias?
your stored knowledge on how to perform different tasks
what is procedural memory?
the process of expanding on information, providing more details to enhance recall.
what is elaboration?
memory loss of significant event(s) that occurred in the past, usually caused by brain damage.
what is retrograde amnesia?
simply observing information without thinking about it on a deeper level.
what is shallow processing?
A detailed and vivid memory of finding out about an emotionally significant or shocking event.
what is a flashbulb memory?
general knowledge about the meanings of words, concepts, and earth.
what is semantic memory?
the tendency to relate information back to our personal experiences in attempt to enhance recall
what is the self reference effect?
when you are presented with a task and know that your memory specifically is being tested.
what is an explicit memory task?
encoding the meaning of information and associating it with prior knowledge
what is deep processing?
The idea that pleasant stimuli are processed more easily than negative ones.
what is the pollyanna principle?
your memories based on your life experience in relation to yourself, remembering things based on the stories we tell ourselves.
what is autobiographical memory?
the idea that recall is improved when conditions during retrieval of memories are similar to those during the initial processing.
what is the encoding specificity principle?
when retrieval is being tested based on previous knowledge, such as remembering a song or filling in the blanks of incomplete words.
what is an implicit memory task?
shallow processing that requires observance of only physical attributes ( capitalization or color of a written word instead of the words meaning)
what is structural encoding?
the tendency for people to view past negative experiences as less uncomfortable with the passage of time.
what is the positivity effect?