Encoding & Processing
What are the three types of long-term memory?
Episodic, semantic, and procedural memory.
This type of memory is your knowledgeable bout how to perform certain activities, like riding a bike or typing.
Procedural memory
These mental frameworks based on general knowledge help guide your recall of events.
Schemas
What is the effect when your memory gets messed up by wrong information you encounter after an event?
Post-event misinformation effect
This principle says we remember pleasant items more accurately than unpleasant ones. (Named after a character)
Pollyanna principle
If you are thinking about what a word means instead of just what it looks like, you're using this deeper kind of processing that Craik and Lockhart talked about.
Semantic (or deep) processing
When you remember what you did last weekend or where you went on vacation, you're using this type of memory that lets you mentally travel back in time.
Episodic memory
Your memory for the events you've actually experienced in your own life ( like first day of college or a family vacation) is called what?
Autobiographical memory
What type of memory is very vivid but they're not more accurate.
Example: Like remembering exactly where you were when 911 happened.
Flashbulb memories
In Talarico and Rubon's study on 9/11 memories, they tested people's memories over time. They found that the number of details people remembered correctly did this over time.
Decreased or went down/dropped
You're way more likely to remember something if you think about how it relates to your own life. This is called the ______ effect.
Self-reference effect
Knowing that Tallahassee is the capital of Florida or what the word semantic means, what type of memory for facts and general knowledge?
Semantic memory
When we are recalling information we usually remember the gist accurately, but make more mistakes on what specific aspects of our memories?
Details (or peripheral details)
Based on the chapter, an eyewitness's confidence is not strongly correlated with what?
Think of the relationship between memory confidence and memory accuracy.
Memory accuracy (how accurate they actually are)
Henry Gustav Mollison had what part of his brain removed that prevented him from forming new episodic memories.
Hippocampus
The encoding-specificity principles says that recall is better when these two contexts match.
Encoding context and retrieval context
This type of memory influences your behavior automatically, without you being aware that you're remembering.
Implicit memory
When you try to figure out if something actually happened or if you just imagined it, you're doing this kind of monitoring.
Reality monitoring
What are the four factors that affect eyewitness testimony accuracy?
1. Stress or stressful circumstances
2. Long delay
3. Plausible misinformation
4. Social pressure
This theory that was introduced by Craik and Lockhart in 1972, talks about how the depth of processing affects memory.
Level-of-processing approach
If you studied for a test while listening to music, you might actually do better on the test if you can listen to that same music. That's because of what principle?
Encoding-specificity principle
Mary couldn't remember new events that happened to her after her surgery. What type of amnesia affects forming new long-term memory?
Anterograde amnesia
If you think your friend told you something but it was actually your boss who told you, you're making an error in what type of monitoring?
Source monitoring
This type of memory is controversial and talks about whether memories from childhood abuse that come back years later are real or constructed.
Recovered memory/ false-memory controversy
Experts have a well-organized, carefully learned knowledge structure that helps them with both encoding and ________.
Retrieval