Ecosystems
What is germination?
The process by which a plant grows from a seed.
What is the difference between a physical and chemical reaction?
Physical reaction - no new substances are made, but there is a change in the appearance of a chemical (example: include state changes and dissolving)
Chemical reaction - involve the formation of one or more new substances, usually involves change in appearance or energy (heat, light, sound)
Name 3 extra parts found in plant cells, but not animal cells.
Plant cells have chloroplasts, cell walls, (permanent) vacuoles
Name 3 ways that seeds can be dispersed.
Wind
Animals (inside) - seeds pass through animal's digestive system
Animals (external) - seeds carried by anijmals
Self-propelled
What is the purpose of a pipette?
To transfer small amounts of liquid from one container to another
What is the primary consumer in the following food chain?
Grass→Grasshopper→Frog→Hawk
Grasshopper
What is the difference between a solute and a solvent?
Solute - Solid that dissolves in a solvent to make a solution (example: table salt)
Solvent - Liquid in which a solid dissolves to make a solution (example: water)
What are the four main groups of microbes?
Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Parasites
What is the function of the flower of a plant?
The flower is the reproductive organ of many plants (pollination and fertilisation); contains reproductive structures.
What are 4 safety rules for the lab?
Tie back long hair
Wear safety goggles and a lab coat
Do not eat or drink any chemicals
No eating and drinking in the laboratory
No running in the laboratory
When heating a test tube, keep the mouth away from everyone
Clean up and wash your hands after handling laboratory material
What is a detritivore?
An organism that feeds on dead and decaying plants and animals
Name 3 properties of liquids
(1) fairly high density; particles are close together
(2) cannot be compressed
(3) take up the shape of the container because particles can move
(4) can diffuse because particles can change place
(5) can mix with other liquids
Give 2 examples of micro-organism use in food production
1. Yeast (makes bread rise)
2. Bacteria (turns milk into yoghurt)
Name three changes that occur in both girls and boys during puberty.
Underarm hair grows
Pubic hair grows
Spots (acne)
Body smell gets stronger.
Emotional changes
Growth rate increases
How do we determine whether a clear liquid is pure or a mixture?
Through evaporating or filtering the liquid (separation of a mixture based on solubility)
How do we plan a 'fair test'?
We control all variables but one (the independent variable) when attempting to answer a scientific question. Only changing one variable allows us know that no other variable has affected the results of the test (dependent variable).
What is an indicator and what do we use it for?
A substance that changes colour according to the pH of a solution
Used to determine whether a solution is an acid or alkali
What are 3 features found in both animal and plant cells?
3 of the following: nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum
What are 2 reasons why our skeleton is important?
Support the body
Protect some of the vital organs of the body
Help the body move
Make blood cells
What components did we use to build a simple circuit? (4)
Battery (power source to provide electricity to the circuit)
Wires (conduct electricity)
Bulb
Ammeter
Name 5 adaptations that allow camels to live in the desert.
Any 5 of the following:
Broad, flat, leathery pads at bottom of hooves (to stop camel sinking into sand)
The ability to go for a long time without water
Thick fur and underwool (to keep warm at night and insulate from daytime heat)
Thick leathery patches on knees (to prevent hot desert sand burning knees)
Colour of body (allows them to camouflage in the environment)
Long eyelashes (to keep sand out of the camel's eyes)
Fat storage in the camel's hump (to enable it to survive long periods without food or water)
Nostrils that can open and close (to keep sand out of the camel's nose)
Long, muscular legs (for walking)
Your teacher blows through a straw into a clear liquid in a test tube. There is a change in the liquid.
(1) What gas is your teacher testing for?
(2) What is the liquid used for this test?
(1) Carbon Dioxide
(2) Limewater
The cell as a factory: Which parts of the cell corresponds to the following factory parts?
(1) Boardroom and office
(2) Factory Floor
(3) Walls and gates
(1) nucleus - control of reactions
(2) cytoplasm - where reactions occur
(3) cell membrane - protection/regulation
Name the 7 processes of life that distinguish living and never-living things.
MRS GREN
Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition
There are two gases that you can test for using a splint. (1) What are the two gases and (2) what is the important difference between how we test for the two gases?
(1) Hydrogen and Oxygen
(2) Hydrogen - a lighted wooden splint makes a popping sound in a test tube of hydrogen.
Oxygen - A glowing wooden splint relights in a test tube of oxygen.