AP Knees
Oblique Knees
Lateral Knees
Femurs & Hips
Pelvis & SIs
100
Label letters B and C on the following diagram
B. Lateral epicondyle
C. Lateral condyle
100
For the following description of an AP oblique knee with poor positioning, state how the patient or CR would have been misaligned for such a projection to be obtained.
On an externally rotated knee projection, the lateral femoral condyle is superimposed over the medial condyle, and the fibula is located in the center of the tibia.
The knee was rotated MORE than 45 degrees
100
State two methods of distinguishing the medial femoral condyle from the lateral femoral condyle on a lateral knee projection with poor positioning.
Locate the adductor tubercle on the posterior aspect of the medial condyle
Locate the distal articulating surface that is the flattest, which is the lateral condyle
100
Identify the anatomy on the following image
A. Femoral head
B. Femoral neck
C. Femoral shaft
D. Lesser trochanter
E. Greater trochanter
100
Describe the position of a patient for the femoral necks to appear on end on an AP pelvis projection.
The patient's legs were externally rotated with the feet at a 45 degree angle from vertical and the femoral epicondyles positioned at a 60 degree angle with the table.
200
For the following description of an AP knee with poor positioning, state how the patient or CR would have been mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained.
The medial femoral condyle appears larger than the lateral condyle, and the head, neck, and shaft of the fibula are almost entirely superimposed by the tibia.
The leg was externally (laterally) rotated
200
For the following AP lateral oblique knee projection with poor positioning, state what anatomic structures are misaligned and how the patient should be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained.
The fibular head, neck, and shaft are not entirely superimposed by the tibia.
Increase the degree of external knee rotation until epicondyles are 45 degrees from the IR.
200
What is the relationship between the tibia and the fibular head on a lateral knee projection with accurate positioning?
The tibia will be partially superimposed over the fibular head.
200
For the following description of an AP femur projection with poor positioning, state how the patient would have been mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained.
The medial femoral condyle appears larger than the lateral condyle, and the intercondylar eminence is not centered within the intercondylar fossa.
The leg was externally rotated
200
Describe the relationship of the sacrum and coccyx to the symphysis pubis and the symmetry of the iliac wings and obturator foramen on an AP pelvis projection in which the patient's left side was rotated away (RPO).
The sacrum and coccyx would not be aligned with the symphysis pubis but would be rotated toward the left hip.
The right iliac wing is wider than the left.
The right obturator foramen is narrower than the left.
300
For the following description of an AP knee projection with poor positioning, state how the patient or CR would have been mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained.
The medial femorotibial joint space is closed, and the fibular head is elongated and demonstrated less than 1/2 inch distal to the tibial plateau.
The CR was angled too caudally.
300
On a medial oblique knee with accurate positioning, the fibular head is seen free of ___________ superimposition and the ________ femoral condyle is in ________
Tibial
Lateral
Profile
300
If the lateral condyle is demonstrated anterior to the medial condyle on a lateral knee projection with poor positioning, what will the tibia and fibular relationship be?
The fibula will be demonstrated with increased or complete tibial superimposition
300
For the following description of an AP hip projection with poor positioning, state how the patient would have been mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained.
The affected side's obturator foramen is narrowed, and the iliac spine is demonstrated without pelvic brim superimposition.
The pelvis was rotated toward the affected side.
300
Label the anatomy for the letters I, J, K, L, M and O on the following diagram
I. Ischial tuberosity
J. Obturator foramen
K. Inferior ramus of ischium
L. Symphysis pubis
M. Superior ramus of pubis
O. Superior ramus of ischium
400
When the knee is flexed, the patella shifts ________ and ________ onto the patellar surface of the femur and then ________ onto the intercondylar fossa.
Distally
Medially
Laterally
400
How can one determine if an internally rotated AP oblique knee projection was overrotated?
The femoral condyles will be nearly superimposed.
400
For the following lateral knee projection with poor positioning, state what anatomic structures are misaligned and how the patient should be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained.
The medial femoral condyle is anterior to the lateral condyle.
Rotate the patella farther away from the IR (internal leg rotation)
400
For the following description of an AP hip projection with poor positioning, state how the patient would have been positioned for such a projection to be obtained.
The ischial spine is not aligned with the pelvic brim but is demonstrated closer to the acetabulum, the sacrum and coccyx are not aligned with the symphysis pubis but are rotated toward the affected hip, and the obturator foramen is clearly demonstrated.
The patient was rotated away from the affected hip.
400
For the following AP pelvis projection with poor positioning, state what anatomic structures are misaligned and how the patient should be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained.
The femoral necks are foreshortened, and the lesser trochanters are demonstrated in profile.
The right obturator foramen is narrower, the right iliac wing is wider than the left and the sacrum and coccyx is rotated toward the left hip.
Internally rotate the legs until the femoral condyles are parallel with the table and rotate the patient toward the left hip until ASISs are equal to the table.
500
For the following AP knee projection with poor positioning, state what anatomic structures are misaligned and how the patient should be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained
The femorotibial joint space is obscured, the fibular head is more than 1/2 inch distal to the tibial plateau, and the fibular head is foreshortened.
Adjust the CR angulation 5 degrees caudally.
500
For the following AP lateral oblique knee projection with poor positioning, state what anatomic structures are misaligned and how the patient should be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained.
The fibular head is not aligned with the anterior edge of the tibia but posterior to it.
Decrease the degree of external knee rotation.
500
For the following lateral knee projection with poor positioning, state what anatomic structures are misaligned and how the patient should be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained.
The medial femoral condyle is proximal to the lateral condyle and the tibiofibular joint space is visualized.
Adjust the CR angle 5 to 7 degrees caudally.
500
For the following description of a lateral hip projection with poor positioning, state how the patient would have been positioned for such a projection to be obtained.
The ischial spine is not aligned with the pelvic brim but is demonstrated closer to the acetabulum.
The sacrum and coccyx are not aligned with the symphysis pubis but are rotated toward the affected hip.
The iliac ala is narrowed and the obturator foramen is widened.
Rotate the patient toward the affected hip.
500
For the following description of SI joint projection with poor positioning, state how the patient or CR would have been mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained.
The SI joints are foreshortened, and the inferior sacrum is demonstrated without symphysis pubis superimposition.
Increase the degree of cephalic CR angulation.