Pathophysiology
Besides providing structural support, bones also serve as a reservoir for these minerals essential for various bodily functions.
What are calcium and phosphorus
Inflammatory joint disease which involves damage to the synovial membrane or cartridge?
What is arthritis?
What is Morphine?
The physical examination of the musculoskeletal system includes what nursing skills to be undertaken?
-Inspection
-Palpation
-Motion
-Muscle Strength test
-Assistive devices
Name the two most common complications of joint surgery?
1. Infection
2. Thromboembolism
There are various types of fractures, name 5 different types.
Oblique, occult, open, pathological, comminuted, spiral, greenstick, transverse, impacted, stress, closed
Disease in which the bone density and structure is impaired making it more porous, thinner and weaker?
What is Osteoporosis?
Important vitamin which can be provided by the sun or in tablet form to prevent fracture risk, particularly in the elderly?
What is Vitamin D
What are 3 signs and symptoms of frature?
Pain, unnatural alignment, swelling, muscle spasm, swelling, tenderness, decreased mobility or limb function, impaired sensation
Which gender is at higher risk of Osteoporosis and why?
Females
For a variety of reasons
Bones are classified according to their shape. Name 3 of the 4 types of bone in the human body?
What is
1. Long bones
2. Short Bones
3. Flat bones
4. Irregular Bones
What's the main complication associated with Paget's disease?
What is The main complication is the increased risk of fractures in affected bones.
These anti-inflammatory medications can be used to treat a variety of musculoskeletal conditions, such as tendonitis and bursitis.
What are "Corticosteroids" or "Steroids"?
What are the risk factors for Osteoporosis?
-Genetic: Family hx, female gender, increased age
-Hormonal /metabolic" Early menopause, hyperparathyroidism, obesity, cushings
-Dietary: low Calcium and Vit D, malabsorption, anorexia
-Lifestyle: Sedentary, smoker, alcohol consumption,
Drugs: Corticosteroids, heaparin, loop , methotrexate , directics
This imaging technique uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional images of the musculoskeletal system.
What is MRI
The Musculoskeltal system has a variety of main functions within the human body, name 3.
1. Support the body structure
2. Protect internal organs
3. Provide voluntary movement
4.blood cell production
5.Mineral Storage
Besides numbness and tingling, carpal tunnel syndrome can also cause this symptom, characterized by a weakness in gripping objects.
What is muscle atrophy or weakness?
Drug class which aims to reduce inflammatory mediator which are released when tissue is damaged?
What are Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) medications?
There are various topics a nurse must cover in a patient's musculoskeletal history collection. Name at least 5.
-Presenting problem
-Past health history
-Allergies
-Family history of musculoskeletal or other issues
-Current/ Past Medications including over the counter/herbal
-Smoking/alochol status
-Surgeries or other treatments
-Hospitalisations
-Social or cultural considerations
What are the typical symptoms of septic arthritis?
What is.. Symptoms may include joint pain, swelling, redness, fever, and restricted joint movement.
How many stages of bone healing are there? How many can you describe?
1. Bleeding at broken ends with subsequent haematoma formation
2. Organisation of haemotoma into fibrous network.
3.Invasion of osteoblasts, lengthening of collagen strands and deposition of calcium
4. Callus formation, new bone built up as osteoclasts destroy dead bone
5. Remodelling accomplished as excess callus reabsorbed and trabecullar bone laid down
What is the medical term for inflammation of the bone often caused by an infection?
What is Osteomyelitis
To help prevent bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women, healthcare professionals often prescribe this class of drugs. What are they, and how do they work?
What are bisphosphonates, and they work by inhibiting bone resorption or breakdown?
Nursing care of a patient with a cast or traction device includes various nursing actions for the patient. Name 5?
-Neurovascular assessments on the affected extremity
-Assess for clinical signs of compartment syndrome
-Teaching the patient and carer about cast care
-Monitoring the cast for flattening, denting, cracking
-Monitor skin integrity around the cast and at traction sites
-Position cast extremity at heart level
-Assist patient with passive and active Range of motion exercises
-Develop a plan to minimize pressure areas
-Assess the patient for complications eg. wound infection, DVT, constipation
-Ensure ADLs are attended to adequatley
What organism is the most common cause of infection in the musculoskeletal system
What is staphloccous?