Structure of DNA
What is DNA?
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. The "blueprint" of the cell
What is protein synthesis
The process in your body that makes proteins.
What is a mutation?
a change in the structure of DNA which results in a trait variation
Where does transcription (when DNA codes for mRNA) take place?
in the nucleus of the cell
The full name of the RNA that brings the amino acid to the ribosome in translation
transfer RNA
What is the monomer of DNA?
Nucleic Acid
What is the monomer of protein?
Amino Acid
GCT TAC ACT - original
GCT TTC ACT - mutation
What kind of mutation is this?
substitution
Where does translation (when mRNA codes for amino acids) take place?
in the cytosplasm (at the ribosome) of the cell
The full name of the RNA that has 2 subunits and reads the codons
Ribosomal RNA
What are the 3 parts to a nucleotide?
a nitrogen base, a sugar (ribose), a phosphate
How many bases make a codon?
3
GCT TAC ACT - original
GTT ACA CT - mutation
What kind of mutation is this?
deletion
What is a codon?
A sequence of three nucleotide bases which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
The full name of the RNA that is capable of fitting through the nuclear pores
messenger RNA
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is transcription?
When DNA codes for mRNA
GCT TAC ACT - original
GCT TAA CAC T - mutation
What kind of mutation is this?
insertion
What bases are used for transcribing (transcription) DNA into mRNA?
GCTA
The arrangement of the sugar phosphate backbone on the DNA strands that run in opposite direction 5' to 3'
antiparallel
What do GCTA stand for?
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Adenine
What is translation?
when mRNA codes for amino acids
T/F - If a mutation does not change the amino acid being coded for, it is called a silent mutation.
True
What bases are used for translating (translation) RNA into amino acids?
GCUA
The 'new' DNA double strand - that has one strand that is old and one strand that is new
Semiconservative Replication