Cell Division
All of our cells come from a _____ and _____ that form an embryo.
sperm; egg
What are the growth phases of the cell cycle?
Gap 1 & Gap 2
Mitosis results in ___ identical daughter cells.
2
Cells that lack a specialized function are called?
Stem cells
Throughout the cell cycle, there are ______ that help regulate the cycle.
Checkpoints
A loose form of DNA.
Chromatin
Why do cells divide in unicellular organisms?
asexual reproduction (called binary fission in bacteria)
Interphase
During this phase, the chromosomes condense and become sister chromatids and spindle fibers emerge.
Prophase
To become specialized, cells must undergo a process known as _________.
Differentiation
What two types of factors help stimulate cells to grow and/or divide?
External & growth factors
A condensed form of DNA.
Chromosome
Why do cells divide in multicellular organisms?
growth & repair
During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Synthesis phase
During this phase, the sister chromatids move toward the middle of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to them.
Metaphase
After cells divide, how long is their lifespan?
It is unique to each type of cell.
Cancer is defined as ____________________.
Uncontrolled cell division
Two halves of a chromosome that have the same genetic information.
Sister chromatids
When in a cell's life cycle does division occur?
During M (mitosis) of interphase
During this phase of the cell cycle, cells prepare for division while undergoing protein synthesis.
Gap 2 phase
The shorter the lifespan of the cell, ___________ occurs more frequently.
Cell division
What is apoptosis?
The process of programmed cell death.
Connects two sister chromatids.
Centromere
What must happen before a cell can divide?
DNA replication
During this phase of the cell cycle, the cells carry out specific functions.
Gap 1 phase
The cell membrane pinches in until the two daughter cells separate during this phase.
Cytokinesis
This specialized type of cell does not have a nucleus or organelles so that it can carry oxygen molecules around the body.
Red blood cells
What are the two types of cancerous tumors and what is the difference between them?
Benign - tumors remain clustered and can be removed.
Malignant - tumors metastasize (break away) and form more tumors.
Organelles that make structural proteins (microtubules) like spindle fibers.
Centrosome or centrioles