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Functional Genomics
Definitions
PCR
Old Material
Misc.
100
The substrate used for attaching single stranded DNA in a blotting experiment.
What is nitrocellulose filter?
100
Overlapping DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of DNA.
What is a contig?
100
A primary application of a Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) discussed in lecture.
What is forensic medicine? (also accept paternity testing, ancestry, genealogy)
100
The enzyme that breaks down lactose.
What is b-galactosidase?
100
Two methods of DNA denaturation.
What is add OH- or add heat to DNA?
200
A method that allows the complete transcription program of an organism during specific physiological responses or developmental processes to be examined.
What is DNA microarrays?
200
Transposable elements.
What is segments of DNA, ranging from a few hundred to several thousands base pair long, that can move from one location to another?
200
The basic steps of PCR.
What is denature DNA at 95oC. Cool down to 60oC to allow annealing of primers. Elongate primers by Taq DNA polymerase at 60oC using dATP, dCTP, dGTP and TTP?
200
The number of base pairs in the human genome.
What is 3 billion?
200
Three amino acids that can be phosphorylated.
What is serine, threonine and tyrosine?
300
Two sources of DNA probe for a DNA microarray.
What is amplification of each gene by PCR and oligonucleotides?
300
Structural genomics.
What is enable understanding of the biology of a particular organism by comparing with known organisms and assign function of human genes using homology search?
300
The number of copies of DNA after 12 cycles. (You may use your calculator)
What is 4096?
300
The sequencing method in which nucleotides are added one by one and the incorporation of a nucleotide is detected by a release of pyrophosphate (PPi), which leads to a flash of light.
What is pyrosequencing?
300
(1) Produce a map of the genome. Genetic and physical maps (2) Sequencetheclones. (3) Order the sequences.
What is the clone-by-clone strategy or map-then-sequence strategy?
400
The meaning of a "yellow" result in a DNA microarray.
What is genes that are active in both the presence and absence of serum.
400
Pseudogenes.
What is sequences that are homologous to known genes, but contain defects that preclude proper expression?
400
Two differences between PCR and RT-PCR
What is (1) Starts with an mRNA, not dsDNA (2) Begin by converting mRNA to DNA (3) ssDNA is converted to dsDNA, continue with standard PCR?
400
A molecular biology phenomenon:knowing the amino acid sequence of a protein does not allow you to predict the DNA sequence of the gene.
What is degeneracy of the genetic code?
400
Two comparisons of the mouse genome to the human genome.
What is 1. The mouse genome is a little smaller than the human genome (2.5 billion vs 3.0 billion bp). 2. Both organisms have about the same number of genes (approximately 30,000) 3. 99% of mouse genes have a counterpart in humans. Only 1% difference! 4. Mouse chromosome 16 has homologs on six human chromosomes?
500
The process of isolating mRNAs.
What is cell-->mixture of RNA and DNA-->apply onto oligo-dT column (mRNA binds via polyA tails)-->elute mRNA with low salt-->purified mRNA preparation.
500
Synteny.
What is regions with clear homology and conserved gene order that appears to have derived from the same ancestral mammalian chromosome?
500
A way to enable directional cloning using RT-PCR.
What is two different restriction enzyme sites can be added to the ends of the cDNA of interest?
500
A complex that is charged with its cognate amino acid in order to deliver the amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into the polypeptide chain that is being produced.
What is aminoacyl-tRNA?
500
Perhaps the most important concept of the course: the central dogma of molecular biology.
What is DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated to proteins?