Charter It
Name 4 components of a LSS project charter.
Problem statement, Metric, Objective, and Benefit are the big ones.
Can also include Team members, In/out of scope, Start/end date, Involvement with T&I, Stakeholders for report out.
In order to reduce defects in the process output, what 2 things does Six Sigma tools help us to do?
Shift the mean (center the data) and reduce variation (make the data set more narrow, smaller range).
Shift & Squeeze
Scoot & Squeeze
Name a tool that is used to capture Voice of the Customer
CT Trees (Critical To Trees)
GAIN model (questions)
Surveys / Interviews
What does DMAIC stand for?
Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
Name the four types of data and which is preferable.
Nominal, Ordinal, Discrete, Continuous
Continuous is preferable
What is the purpose of the Project Objective?
To identify how much of the pain will be eliminated by the end of the project.
Transport, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Over Processing, Over Production, Defects & Skills not Utilized
How does the SIPOC help us control scope creep within our projects?
Early step is to identify the input and output boundaries. Anything outside these boundaries would be out of scope.
What are the 3 things that are needed to make something value added?
Changes the fit, form or function of the deliverable,
Customer willing to pay for it, and
Done right the first time.
Describe what an ordinal scale is.
It is attribute data that consists of categories of data that relate to each other and can be put in order. At least 3 categories.
Small, medium, large
Excellent, good, ok, poor, horrible
Scale of 1-10, one being the worst and 10 being the best.
What are two common pitfalls when creating a Problem Statement?
Including a solution
Not capturing the process pain, pain not clear
Vague statements or too much detail (too wordy)
Not important to organization (low priority)
Written as a lack of something
What is the purpose of main goal of Six Sigma?
Reduce variation
Improve Quality, reduce defects
Make the process more consistent.
When we talk about the "3 Big Y's" what are we referring to?
Cost, Quality, & Delivery
What are the 3 types of continuous improvement efforts defined in the TVA procedure?
DMAIC projects
Just Do Its (JDIs)
Rapid Improvement Events (RIEs)
Name at least 3 things that should be considered when setting up a data collection plan.
What is being measured, is it an input or output, what type of data is being collected, how is it being collected or measured, what is the sampling plan, what is the operational definition.
Is "Implement a Human Performance program to improve safety" a good project objective? Why or Why not?
No, it is not. It is providing a predetermined solution - "Implement ...". Also, it does not include specifics as to how much pain will be eliminated, how much improvement to safety. It is not SMART
What is the purpose or the main goal of Lean?
To eliminate waste, to improve flow.
Remove bottlenecks from the process.
Streamline the process.
What does SIPOC stand for?
Supplier
Input
Process
Output
Customer
List 4 of the 6 Types of Benefit Categories captured at TVA for improvement efforts.
Cost Savings (or Reduction)
Cost Avoidance
Sales / Revenue
Work hour efficiency
Risk Reduction (Safety, Quality, Reputation, etc)
Business Enablement
Name 3 measures used to determine the center of the process output.
Mean, median, mode
What is the purpose of the Project metric?
To measure the pain. To identify how much pain currently exists in the process and help demonstrate how much pain has been eliminated by the end of the project.
Describe the difference between Precision and Accuracy.
Precision is about how much spread exists in the data. Accuracy is about the center of the data (the average) and whether it is hitting the target.
What is the Woodstock principle? How does it apply to process mapping?
Stay as high as you can for as long as you can.
Start at a high level of the process by mapping with only 5-10 steps. Then only dig deeper and create more steps when pain is identified in one of those steps and we need to expand the step to learn more about the pain.
What is the purpose of a Measurement System Analysis?
To determine "Can I Trust my Data?"
To determine whether the measurement system is adequately measuring the process we are interested in or whether it is actually introducing more variation into the data itself and we can't see how the process is actually performing
Name 3 measures of dispersion or spread
Range, Standard Deviation & Variance. Will also accept deviation.