Classical Conditioning
A kind of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to produce a response that was originally produced by a different stimulus:
classical conditioning
A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher is called:
operant conditioning
Learning involves:
A change in behavior due to experience
Grace heard a song at a funeral where she felt extreme sorrow. Now whenever she hears that song, she feels sad. What happened?
classical conditioning
A parent treats his child to a movie for finishing her homework before lunch on Saturday. The child now always does her homework before lunch on Saturday. This is an example of
positive reinforcement.
A box with an attached recording device to track the rate at which an animal presses the box's bar to obtain a reinforcer is called a (n):
Skinner box
In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the presence of food was a(n):
unconditioned response
Casey learned how to make 3-point basketball shots by successfully making very short shots before shooting from increasingly longer distances from the hoop. This learning strategy best illustrates the process of:
shaping
During ______________________ our response is involuntary or automatic; in _____________________ our response is voluntary and operates on the environment.
classical conditioning; operant conditioning
After not experiencing your fear of heights for many years, you suddenly panic at the top of a tall escalator in a stadium. This is an example of
spontaneous recovery
Glorie and Viola were told that if they eat all of their carrots that they do not need to eat their broccoli (they do NOT like broccoli). This is an example of
negative reinforcement
A rat in an operant chamber received a pellet every time it pushed a lever. It was on a _______________ schedule.
continuous reinforcement
Brittnee's therapist utilized a classical conditioning procedure to help her overcome her fear of pickles. At first Brittnee visualized a pickle and then used relaxation techniques to replace her fear. Then she looked at a picture of a pickle and utilized her relaxation techniques. Brittnee was slowly exposed to more anxiety-evoking pickle scenarios while utilizing her deep relaxation skills. Eventually Brittnee was able to eat a pickle. What technique did Brittnee's therapist use to help her overcome the pickle fear?
systematic desensitization
Carter, who is not handicapped, parked his car in a handicapped parking space. As a result, Carter received a parking ticket. This is an example of:
positive punishment
Children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents. This illustrates the importance of:
social cognitive learning (observational learning)