Life
How many covalent bonds can a Hydrogen atom make?
1
The study of Carbon-containing compounds
What is Organic Chemistry?
Organic molecules consisting only of Hydrogen and Carbon
What is a Hydrocarbon?
In a 'skeletal structure' depiction, what is the only thing that is written in letters?
Functional Groups
Compounds with the SAME molecular formula, but DIFFERENT structures and properties
What is an Isomer?
What are the 4 most common elements found in living organisms?
HONC
How many single covalent bonds can Carbon make?
4
What is the tail of a fat molecule made of?
*Bonus 100: Is fat considered a high or low-energy molecule?*
Hydrogen and Carbon
What is the function of the Hydroxyl group (-OH)?
Makes a compound Water Soluble
Type of isomer that has a different 'covalent arrangement' of atoms
What is a Structural Isomer?
How come it is difficult to lose weight according to Prof. Lum?
Once adipose cells divide and become "plump", it is hard to break into that energy reserve.
WHY is Carbon the "backbone" of a Carbon skeleton?
*think about how structure always belies function*
It's diverse bonding capabilities!
What molecule do we excrete when we go pee?
*Double Pts if you know why she used it as an example*
Urea!
*It displayed all 4 major elements and the different ways they can bond*
What 2 'functional groups' is the Carboxyl Group (-COOH) a combination of?
*Bonus 200 if you know the function of a Carboxyl Group*
Hydroxyl (-OH) and Carbonyl
*Donates a H+, which acts as an acid (obvi.)*
Type of isomers that are mirror images of each other
What is an Enantiomer?
Give the maximum number of bonds an Oxygen atom can make. Also Nitrogen.
*No half-points*
O can make 2
N can make 3
Write the molecular formula of the Methyl Group on the board for us
(-CH3)
What functional group releases a shitload of energy when bonds get broken? *think ATP*
Phosphate Group
Which 'functional group' acts as a base when mixed into a solution?
Amino Group!
What is the molecule you drink at a party?
Ethanol (aka Alcohol)
What gets broken and reformed when you are getting a perm?
'Disulfide Bridges'
List the 4 ways that a Carbon skeleton can differ
1. length
2. degree of branching
3. double-bond positions
4. differences in Ring structure
What type (shape) of Carbon structure do testosterone and estradiol have?
Also, what type of molecules are they considered?
Rings!
They're Hormones!
List 6 of 7 Functional Groups we need to be able to identify
1. Hydroxyl group
2. Carbonyl group
3. Carboxyl group
4. Amino group
5. Sulfhydryl group
6. Phosphate group
7. Methyl Group
Why is it important to know the 'R' and 'S' versions of drugs that are considered 'enantiomers'?
Usually only one version works! The wrong enantiomer caused birth defects in one instance!