Surgery
The surgical removal of a small segment of the lung.
Segmentectomy.
This modality involves a lower dose of x-ray beams to target and kill cancer cells. Typically, the patient undergoes 20-30 sessions for 3-6 weeks.
External beam radiation therapy (EBRT).
This modality is used before surgery, to decrease tumour size and facilitate removal.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
This category of treatment is used primarily during the earlier stages of cancer, in order to target a primary tumour.
Local.
The surgical removal of an entire lobe of the lung.
Lobectomy.
This modality involves a higher dose of x-ray beams to target and kill cancer cells. Typically, the patient undergoes 1-5 sessions for 1-2 weeks.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).
This modality is used after surgery, to decrease recurrence risk.
Adjuvant chemotherapy.
This category of treatment is used primarily during the later stages of cancer, in order to target secondary tumours, or cancer that has otherwise metastasized.
Systemic.
The surgical removal of an entire lung.
Pneumonectomy.
This modality is used in conjunction with radiation therapy, to increase its effectiveness.
Chemoradiation.
Classify surgery, radiation therapy, and drug therapy as local or systemic therapies (3/3 correct).
-Surgery = local
-Radiation therapy = local
-Drug therapy = systemic
The type of surgery which is chosen is dependent on (list 2/3 factors)?
-Size and location of the cancer
-Lung function
-Overall health
This modality inhibits PD-L1 proteins, which inhibit immune cells from killing cancer cells.
Immunotherapy.
True or false: In the context of lung cancer, generally, only one treatment modality is administered at a time.
False. Most often, patients will be treated with multiple modalities at a time.
Other structures which are commonly removed during surgery for lung cancer and investigated for the spread of cancer cells.
Lymph nodes.
This modality targets specific molecular targets which are the result of protein changes due to gene mutations.
Targeted therapy.
True or false: Palliative care is only used when a patient's lung cancer has advanced to stage 4.
False. Palliative care encompasses a wide range of supports which are intended to improve a patient's quality of life for the duration of their treatment. As such, it may be used at any stage concurrently with curative care.