Infectious Lung Shenanigans
First thing in the morning.
inspiratory crackles
dullness to percussion
increased tactile fremitus
pleural friction rub
Pleural friction rub
it results from inflamed pleural surfaces rubbing against each other during respiration
inspiratory crackles not characteristic
dullness to percussion may indicate fluid in pleural space
increased tactile fremitus is palpable vibrations transmitted through the chest wall during speech, not characteristic (pneumonia or lung tumors)
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema, when combined, cause difficulty exhaling. When both are present, what is this disorder known as?
COPD
Pulmonary embolism
What are all symptoms of pneumonia?
1. fever
2. dry cough
3. hemoptysis
4. diminished lung sounds
5. shaking chills
1,3, 5
What can be done to prevent pneumonia? Name at least 2.
pneumonia and flu vaccine
wash hands
avoid sick individuals
cough and deep breathe
frequent mouth care
When greater than how much fluid is present between the visceral and parietal pleurae is considered abnormal
greater than 25 ml
1-15ml is usually surrounding the lung
A COPD client has an oxygen saturation of 89%. What should the nurse do?
Nothing.
The target oxygen saturation for COPD clients typically ranges between 88%- 92%. This range balances the need for adequate oxygen delivery while minimizing the risk of worsening respiratory drive and potential complications.
Your client has complained of SOB. What might you do or expect to do? name 2.
Put the bed in fowler's position
obtain pertinent vital signs
apply oxygen
What percentage of people with mycobacterium tuberculosis develop TB disease?
10%
What interventions can be done for individuals with infectious lung disorders? Name 3.
antibiotics for infection
bronchodilators to relax smooth muscles in the airways
mucolytics and expectorants to help loosen and mobilize secretions
anti-inflammatory agents (corticosteroids) reduce airway inflammation
CPT (chest physiotherapy) to help mobilize secretions
NIPPV (non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation)
oxygen
oral fluids to loosen secretions
surgical removal
encourage ambulation
turn every 2 hours
cough and deep breathing exercises
What is a collapse of alveoli
atelectasis
What are 2 characteristics of the bronchioles of a client with asthma .
The bronchioles are inflamed and spasming.
Which of the following is factors is a common risk factor for pulmonary embolism?
low body mass index
regular exercise
long-distance air travel
vegetarian diet
long distance air travel
long distance air travel can be associated with a condition called "traveler's thrombosis". During long flights, passengers may be immobile for extended periods, leading to decreased blood flow in the legs and increased risk of blood clot formation (DVT)When reading a purified protein derivative, what finding is the nurse checking for to determine whether or not the patient is positive?
Induration
Which disorder is suspected after a client has a cough for longer than 2-3 weeks?
TB
What are nursing interventions for imparied gas exchange? Select all that apply.
1. Administer oxygen
2. place patient in fowler position
3. administer morphine as needed
4. provide a room humidifier
5. encourage use of vibratory positive expiratory pressure device
1,2,3
This genetic disorder primarily affects the lungs and digestive system, causing thick, sticky mucus to build up in the airways and digestive tract.
cystic fibrosis
It is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene, resulting in the production of thick, sticky mucus in various organs, particularly the lungs and the ducts in the pancreas. Blockages in the lungs cause respiratory problems. The pancreas produces enzymes that help break down food in the small intestines; therefore, the enzymes cannot reach the small intestine to aid in digestion effectively.
What symptom of pulmonary embolism is exacerbated by deep breathing?
chest pain
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a patient with ineffective airway clearance?
1. administer expectorants
2. turn every 2 hours daily or ambulate
3. suction as needed
4. CPT therapy
1, 2, 3, and 4
What is the criteria for diagnosing one with chronic bronchitis?
one would have to have acute bronchitis for more than 3 months in a year, 2 years in a row
What is the number one cause of lung cancer?
smoking
smoking causes 80-90% of lung cancers
short-acting bronchodilators
inhaled corticosteroids
antibiotics
inhaled corticosteroids
Short-acting bronchodilators are used as rescue medications to provide quick relief of asthma symptoms but are not suitable for long-term control due to their short duration of action and anti-inflammatory properties
Antibiotics are prescribed in case of exacerbation triggered by a bacterial infection such as pneumonia, not indicated for routine management of asthma
Inhaled corticosteroids reduce inflammation in the airways which helps decrease swelling and mucus production. They improve lung function over time .
Which is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism?
chest x-ray
magnetic resonance imaging
computed tomography pulmonary angiography
ultrasound of lower extremities
CT
It is highly sensitive and specific and allows for direct visualization of pulmonary arteries after injecting dye in the peripheral vein.
CXR, MRI show changes and indirect signs of PE. Ultrasound of lower extremities is not useful in diagnosing PE in the lungs
1. infectious disorders
2. restrictive disorders
3. obstructive disorders
obstructive disorders
patients have difficulty getting air out of the lungs
One treatment for bronchiectasis is antitussive.
True or False?
False
coughing helps clear mucus and secretions from the airways. Suppressing the cough with antitussive could potentially worsen the condition by allowing mucus to accumulate in the dilated bronchial tubes, leading to further infection and inflammation.
What position do you put a patient with SOB?
Fowler's
Fowler's position allows for maximum lung expansion
What is the term for the irreversible enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
emphysema
pneumonia
bronchitis
Emphysema
It is the enlargement of the air spaces due to the destruction of the wallls of the alveoli.
Reduced surface area for gas exchange: As the walls of the alveoli break down, the surface area available for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange decreases. This impairs the ability of the lungs to efficiently transfer oxygen into the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide from the body.
Loss of lung elasticity: The destruction of alveolar walls also results in a loss of lung elasticity, which is necessary for normal breathing. Without adequate elasticity, the lungs have difficulty recoiling during exhalation, leading to air trapping and hyperinflation of the lungs.
Airway collapse: The loss of support from the alveolar walls can cause the small airways to collapse during exhalation, further obstructing airflow and contributing to airflow limitation.
Ventilation-perfusion mismatch: Emphysema can disrupt the balance between ventilation (airflow) and perfusion (blood flow) in the lungs, leading to inefficient gas exchange and impaired oxygenation of the blood.
chronic bronchitis
pulmonary fibrosis
emphysema
Emphysema
chronic bronchitis characterized by inflammation and narrowing of bronchial tubes, leading to chronic cough and sputum production
pulmonary fibrosis involves scarring of lung tissue and stiffness of lungs which leads to dyspnea but usually not associated with wheezing
1. smoking
2. infection
3. exercise
4. stress
1, 2, 3, and 4