Troubleshooting
What is sliding
Criteria for diffuse B lines
What are 3 or more b lines in at least 2 zones bilaterally
These make up the bat sign
What are the ribs and pleural line
What is spine sign
Ultrasound findings to difference bacterial pneumonia from viral pneumonia.
Diffuse vs isolated b lines, shred sign, dynamic air bronchograms
Increases the focus on the pleural line
What is heeling
Criteria for Pulmonary Embolism
What is clinical suspicion plus consolidation between 0.5cm-3cm, dark and well defined clear shape
This looks like marching ants
What is pleural sliding
Jellyfish sign
What is a collapsed lung flapping in pleural effusion
Ultrasound finding indentifying Pulmonary Embolism from other causes of subpleural consolidations
size 0.5cm-3cm, well defined border, clear shape, dark mass
Criteria for a positive scan of pneumothorax
What is all of the following present: no lung sliding, no comet tails, no lung pulse and presence of pathological lung point ... if unable to find pathological lung point must visualize absence of the above for 3 respiratory cycles
Echogenic lines extending from the pleural line to the far field, reverberation artifacts indicing wet lungs.
What are B lines
Normal ultrasound finding at lung bases when fully aerated during inspiration
What is curtain sign
Pleural line finding indicating Pneumonia / COPD/ ARDS vs Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure
Technique to improve visibiltiy of pleural line by increasing the darkness of the image
What is decreasing gain
Two types of air filled bronchi in an airless lung.
What are air bronchograms
Plankton Sign and Jelly Fish Sign differentiate these conditions.
What is pnemonia and atelectasis
Technique to avoid confusing a physiological lung point from a pathological lung point
What is increasing the depth
Criteria for atelectasis
What is hepatization, pleural effusion greater than consolidation area, static air bronchograms
Lung pulse is smaller and pulsates to the rhythm of the heart
Similar but much smaller than B lines.
What are comet lines
An example for each of:
a) no chest movement with no lung sliding
b) chest movement with no lung sliding, other than pneumothorax
c) decreased chest movement with decreased lung sliding
a) right mainstem or esophageal intubation, apnea
b) pleurodesis from past pneumothorax, recurrent pneumonia, recurrent pleural effusions, previous chest tube
c) splinted respirations, positive pressure venitation, COPD with bullea, pulmonary fibrosis, phrenic nerve palsey