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Organization
Oh the cytes you'll see
Not so specifically
The Immune response
Ramblings
100
What are the 4 components of the lymphatic system?
Lympathic vessels (lymphatics), lymph (fluid), lymphocytes (specialized cells that perrform an array of functions in defending the body), Lymphoid tissues and organs
100
80% of circulating lymphocytes are these cells, thus named for their site of maturation
What are T cells?
100
Your first line of defense and site 2 reasons to support your answer.
What is physical barriers (skin): multiple layers of epithelium, hair, glands, mucus secretions.
100
4 general properties of immunity
What is specificity, versatility, memory, and tolerance?
100
This is the largest collection of lymphatic tissue in the body
What is the spleen?
200
Name 1 lymphoid tissue and 2 lymphoid organs.
Lymph nodules, tonsils, appendix, peyer's patches (intestines) Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, bone marrow (ok)
200
Two types of these cells: ones that are responsible for antibody production and these that never forget!
What are B cells: plasma cells and memory B cells
200
There are 2 classes of cells that remove cellular debris and respond to invasion by foreign compounds or pathogens. Nom nom nom!
What are phagocytes: microphages (neutrophils and eosinophils) and macrophages (fixed and free)(Kupffer cells, microglia).
200
The immune response is triggered by the recognition of these reg flags on pathogens, abnormal cells or foreign molecules.
What are antigens?
200
T cells mature thanks to these specific hormones
What are thymosins?
300
These organisms are responsible for many human diseases (think broad)
What are pathogens?
300
Name the 4 types of cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity
What are cytotoxic T, helper T, memory T and suppressor T cells?
300
Blood flow is increased, phagocytes are activated, capillary permeability is increased, compliment system is activated, clotting reaction walls off region, regional temperature increased, specific defenses activated...all from a few mast cells!
What is the inflammatory response?
300
T cells recognize non-self proteins that are bound to these binding locations on nucleated cells or lymphocytes and phagocytes.
What are major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) (class I and class II)?
300
Lymphatics drain into the venous system via these two structures
What are the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct
400
The body's ability to resist infection and disease through the activation of specific defenses.
What is immunity?
400
These lymphocytes attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses, and cancer cells.
What is NK (natural killer) cells?
400
2 chief chemicals released by mast cells
What are histamine and heparin?
400
Cytotoxic T cells destory their targets in 3 ways. Name/describe 2 ways.
Lymphotoxin: disrupts metabolism Cytokines: activates genes that tell cell to die (apoptosis) Perforin: ruptures membrane of cell
400
There are 4 catagories of allergies. The one we see most commonly as paramedics is ?
What is immediate hypersensitivity, type I
500
Name 2 of the 3 functions of the lymphatic system.
1. Production, maintenance, and distribution of lympocytes 2. Return of the fluid and solutes from peripheral tissues to the blood. 3. Distribution of hormones, nutrients, and waste products from their tissues of origin to general circulation.
500
B cells are responsible for ____________-__________ immunity, which is also known as _________ immunity since they go wiith the flow.
What is antibody-mediated and humoral immunity
500
Interferons release these chemical messengers to coordinate local activities.
What are cytokines?
500
5 classes of immunoglobulins, and which one is of concern for us as paramedics?
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD...IgE: accelerate inflammation on exposure to anitgens
500
Antibodies eliminate antigens in 6 ways. Name 3 ways!
1. Neutalization: bind viruses or bacterial toxins (can't attach) 2. Agglutination and precipitation: clump together and fall out of circulation 3. Activation of the compliment system: antibody-antigen complex changes shape of antigen, creates exposure site for compliment system to be activated 4. Attraction of phagocytes: antibodies attract phagocytes 5. Enhancement of phagocytosis: antibodies + compliment proteins = easier to phagocytize (opsonization) 6. Stim of inflammation: slows infection spread, gathers non-specific defenses.