Structure & Function
What is the main function of lymph nodes?
To filter lymph and trap/destroy pathogens.
Normal lymph nodes should be: soft, movable, and ____?
Non-tender.
Which cells does HIV attack?
CD4 T-cells.
What is the initial screening test for HIV?
ELISA.
A CD4 count below ____ indicates AIDS.
200.
Which organ stores lymphocytes and filters the blood?
The spleen.
Tender, enlarged lymph nodes most often indicate what?
Infection.
Name one route of HIV transmission.
Blood, sexual contact, perinatal exposure.
Which test confirms HIV infection?
Western Blot.
Name one opportunistic infection common in AIDS.
PJP pneumonia, TB, candidiasis, CMV. (Any)
Which cells produce antibodies?
B-cells.
Which diagnostic test measures inflammation (common in autoimmune disorders)?
ESR or CRP.
Which symptom is common in early (acute) HIV infection?
Fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, sore throat. (Any of these)
What is a normal CD4 count?
Greater than 500.
Which skin cancer is associated with AIDS?
Kaposi’s sarcoma.
What type of immunity involves skin, mucous membranes, and inflammation?
Innate immunity.
Which immune cells attack infected or abnormal cells?
T-cells (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes).
What happens to CD4 cells as HIV progresses?
They decrease.
What is the purpose of antiretroviral therapy (ART)?
Suppress viral replication and maintain immune function.
Name one key nursing intervention for AIDS wasting syndrome.
High-calorie/high-protein diet; small frequent meals; supplements. (Any)
Which organ develops T-lymphocytes?
The thymus.
A firm, fixed lymph node may indicate what serious cause?
Malignancy (cancer).
Name one chronic (asymptomatic stage) symptom of HIV.
Persistent lymph node swelling, mild weight loss, night sweats, fatigue. (Any of these)
Why is strict medication adherence essential in HIV treatment?
Missing doses can cause viral resistance.
Which type of precautions should nurses use when caring for a client with HIV/AIDS?
Standard precautions (plus additional precautions if specific infection present).