Lymphatic
What are pathogens?
Disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and microorganisms
What portion of the eye is responsible for focusing light?
lens
What type of signal is detected by taste buds?
Chemical
What type of stimulus is detected in the ears?
Mechanical stimulus
What is the name of the chemicals detected for smell?
Odorant chemicals
What are the three stages of immune system?
-barriers
-innate response
-adaptive response
What is one purpose of tears?
antibacterial, flushing surface, moistening and lubricating surfaces
How is spice sensed?
Combinations of flavor, pain receptors, and temperature receptors
Decibels measure things on what type of scale?
logarithmic
Where are smell receptors located?
Upper regions of nasal cavity, superior nasal conchae, nasal septum
What type of immune response includes macrophages, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils?
innate, nonspecific
What are the stages of vision?
1. Light enters eye
2. Lens focuses light on retina
3. Photoreceptors convert light to electrical signals
4. Neural pathways process signals to images
What are the flavors picked up by taste buds?
sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami
What are otoliths?
Calcium deposits in inner ears that move with head
What is the functional role of mucus in smell?
Chemicals must dissolve at least partially in watery fluid to be detected
What are symptoms of a histamine reaction?
inflammation and swelling
What is the dark spot of the retina where vision is sharpest?
fovea
What is the role of saliva in taste?
Dissolving chemicals in fluid and transporting to taste buds
What type of balance is informed by movements in the semicircular canals?
dynamic
What is anosmia?
Partial or complete loss of smell
What are antigens?
Markers on cells that identify self and non-self
What are the photoreceptors and what do they do?
Rods--night vision, black and white
Cones--sharper vision, color
What part of the picking up signals happens on the tongue?
Sensation
How do other systems aid balance?
proprioceptors--info about positioning and body movements
eyes--provide info about relationship between body and environment
Why are smells associated with memory?
The electric signals are carried to the limbic system