branches of aortic arch
As blood leaves the heart through the aorta, blood flows into the
right and left coronary
delivers blood to external structures of the face and cranium. Some branches include the maxillary, facial, occipital, and temporal arteries.
external common carotid
functions of lymphatic system
•Fluid recovery: 85% of tissue fluid is reabsorbed by blood capillaries and put into venous circulation; remaining 15% is reabsorbed by the lymphatic system
•Immunity: lymphatic fluid is inspected for foreign invaders as it passes through lymph nodes
•Lipid absorption: lymphatic vessels called lacteals in the small intestine absorb dietary lipids and transport them to the bloodstream
•receives lymph from right arm, right head, and right thorax à empties into right subclavian vein
right lymphatic
•Sites where B and T cells are generated and mature
•Red bone marrow and thymus
primary lymphatic organs
The ascending aorta reaches its peak at the aortic arch and has three branching arteries, the
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery.
passes through the temporal bone into the cranial cavity. This vessel supplies 80% of the cerebrum as well as the orbits.
internal carotid
recovered extracellular fluid
•Clear, colorless fluid similar to blood plasma, but much less protein; same composition as interstitial fluid
•Contains bacteria, viruses, cellular debris, hormones, and other substances that are absorbed from tissues
•Drawn into lymphatic capillaries from tissues
Lymph
•larger and longer, receives lymph from below diaphragm, left arm, left head, left neck, and left thorax à empties into left subclavian vein
thoracic
•Mature cells migrate here to play a role in immunity
•Lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen
secondary lymphatic organs
•delivers blood towards the upper right limb via the right subclavian arterybranch and blood towards the head via the right common carotid artery.
brachiocephalic trunk
The veins of the neck and face have the same names as their paired artery counterparts with one exception, the
jugular veins
Lymphatic route
Lymphatic Capillaries >Collecting Vessels: thin walls, many valves >Lymph Trunks: lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, jugular >Collecting Ducts - right lymphatic duct, thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct)> Subclavian veins
: aggregations of lymphatic cells in mucous membranes and various organs
lymphatic tissue
•Bilobed organ located between the sternum and aortic arch
•Most active during childhood and adolescence, then degenerates with age and is mostly replaced with adipose tissue (involution)
•Function: site of T cell maturation
•T-cells produced in red bone marrow and will leave and enter the thymus
•Immature T-cells in the cortex will migrate to the medulla for 3 weeks to mature
Dependent on thymic hormones for maturation (thymosin, thymopoietin, thymulin
thymus
delivers blood towards the head and the left subclavian artery will deliver blood towards the upper left limb
left common carotid artery
cell population that inhabits all organs and defends the body from agents of disease
immune system
•Vein-like vessels that transport lymph
•Penetrate nearly every body tissue except cartilage, cornea, bone, and bone marrow
•Closely associated with blood capillary beds
•Closed at one end à fluid only flows in one direction (from tissue into vessels)
•Vessel wall contains endothelial cells overlapping like roof shingles that create valve-like flaps
•open when interstitial fluid pressure is high, and close when it is low
•large gaps between cells that allow bacteria and cells to enter
lymphatic vessels
•: most prevalent form that is scattered throughout the body, especially passages open to the exterior
•Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT): respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts
diffuse lymphatic tissue
•pair at posterior oral cavity
•most often infected (tonsilitis, usually due to viral or bacterial infection)
palatine tonsils
aortic arch turns inferiorly becoming
descending thoracic aorta
network of organs, tissues, and vessels densely populated with immune system cells
lymphatic
smallest vessels that first collect lymph
•Converge into larger collecting vessels
•Collecting vessels converge into lymphatic trunks (jugular, subclavian, bronchomediastinal, intercostal, intestinal, and lumbar)
lymphatic vessels
•temporary dense masses of lymphatic cells that form in response to pathogens
•More constant in lymph nodes, tonsils, and appendix
•Aggregated lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches) in small intestine
lymphatic nodules
•pair at root of tongue
lingual